高温对高丛越橘叶片气孔特征和气体交换参数的影响  

Effects of high temperatures on leaf stomatal traits and gas exchanges of highbush blueberries

作　　者：朱玉[1] 黄磊 郑云普[3] 郝立华[3] 姜国斌 王贺新[4] 李根柱[4] 张自川[4] 弓晓杰[5] 

机构地区：[1]大连大学生命科学与技术学院,辽宁大连116622 [2]大连民族大学环境与资源学院,辽宁大连116600 [3]河北工程大学水电学院,河北邯郸056038 [4]大连大学现代农业研究院,辽宁大连116622 [5]大连大学医学院,辽宁大连116622

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第4期444-456,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31400418);中国博士后基金面上项目(2014M561044);辽宁省科技计划项目(2013204001)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同程度的高温对高丛越橘叶片气孔特征及其气体交换参数的影响。【方法】以6个高丛越橘(Vaccinium corymbosum L.)品种的2 a生幼苗为试验材料(南高丛品种‘奥尼尔’‘海岸’和‘蓝脊’;北高丛品种‘公爵’‘布里吉他’和‘蓝丰’),利用人工气候箱控制生长温度的条件下,共设置4个温度处理,即对照(25℃)、轻度增温(30℃)、中度增温(35℃)和重度增温(40℃),利用印迹取样法及空间分析技术研究了6个越橘品种叶片气孔的结构特征和空间分布格局。利用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统测定了叶片的气体交换参数。【结果】研究发现叶片的气孔密度、气孔结构及其空间分布格局对增温产生的响应在南高丛和北高丛越橘2个类群之间没有明显的特异性区别。然而,高丛越橘叶片气孔特征对高温的响应在不同品种间却存在着较大的差异。高温改变了‘海岸’‘蓝脊’‘布里吉他’和‘蓝丰’的气孔结构特征,但没有对‘奥尼尔’和‘公爵’产生影响;同时,高温导致‘奥尼尔’和‘布里吉他’叶片气孔的空间分布变得更加规则。另外,高温处理导致高丛越橘品种叶片的净光合反应速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均呈先升高后降低的趋势,但其最大值随着品种的不同而发生变化。【结论】高温条件下高丛越橘通过调整气孔结构特征和优化气孔的空间分布格局来进一步提高气体交换效率。然而,气孔结构和功能进行调整和优化的能力在品种间存在较大的差异,最终导致了各品种叶片气体交换参数对高温响应的不同,特别是在抵抗极端高温方面表现得尤为突出。【Objective】Blueberry（Vaccinum corymbosum L.） is an important fruit worldwide, and the growth and distribution of blueberry cultivars are usually limited by temperature, especially in China.North highbush and south highbush blueberry cultivars are the two major highbush blueberry groups,which are widely planted in northeastern China. Highbush blueberries have recently been introduced into southeastern China, a typical subtropical area with high temperatures in summer. Understanding of the thermal tolerance in different genotypes of highbush blueberry is important for selecting appropriate cultivars, because blueberry cultivars may differ in tolerance to heat stress. In order to compare the tolerance to heat stress between the south highbush and north-highbush blueberry cultivars, we examined the effects of high temperatures on stomatal traits and gas exchange of six highbush blueberry cultivars（South highbush cultivars included‘O＇ Neal＇,‘Gulfcoast＇and‘Blue Ridge＇; and north highbush cultivars were‘Duke＇,‘Brigitta＇and‘Bluecrop＇）.【Methods】Two-year-old seedlings of six highbush blueberry cultivars including‘Bluecrop＇,‘Duke＇,‘Brigitta＇,‘Gulfcoast＇,‘O＇neal＇and‘Blue Ridge＇were selected from field plots in the research farm at Dalian University in northeast China. The collected plants were transplanted into pots（10 cm diameter × 25 cm long） filled with fritted clay（one plant per pot） and grown in a greenhouse with an average temperature of 25/20 ℃（day/night） and about 1 000 μmol·m-2·s-1photosynthetic active radiation（PAR） in natural sun light, and 65% relative humidity for 30 d to establish canopy. During the establishment period, plants were irrigated to water-holding capacity daily and fertilized twice per week with half-strength Hoagland＇s solution. Four growth chambers were set at different temperatures including control（25 ℃）, mild heat stress（30 ℃）, moderate heat stress（35 ℃）, and severe heat stress（40 �

关 键 词：越橘 高温胁迫 气孔结构和功能 气孔分布格局 气体交换 

分 类 号：S663.9[农业科学—果树学]