新西兰苹果品种及砧木育种成就与对中国的启示  

Advances in apple variety and rootstock breeding in New Zealand and enlightens on Chinese apple breeding

作　　者：张恒涛[1] BUS Vincent G.M. WHITE Allan G. 阎振立[1] 过国南[1] 张瑞萍[1] 刘珍珍[1] YAO Jia-long CHAGNE David 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]新西兰植物与食品研究所,新西兰Havelock North 4157 [3]新西兰植物与食品研究所,新西兰Auckland 1142 [4]新西兰植物与食品研究所,新西兰Palmerston North 4442

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第4期482-491,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31301745,31401845);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费;中国农业科学院创新体系(CAAS-ASTIP);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-28)

摘　　要：20世纪60年代新西兰的Don Mc Kenzie博士从果农J.H.Kidd配置的杂交后代中选出了世界级的苹果品种‘嘎拉’。随后,新西兰植物与食品研究所于80年代初期开始了持续专业的苹果育种研究,先后培育出了一系列优良的世界性品种。苹果育种技术也从常规育种进入了分子育种时代,一跃成为世界苹果育种强国,吸引了世界众多果树科研单位和育种者争相学习其先进技术和科研成果。为了进一步提升中国苹果育种水平,缩小与苹果育种强国的差距,作者系统的介绍了新西兰的苹果品种和砧木选育的发展历程、选育方法,特别是生物技术在新品种选育中的应用,并对比分析目前中国苹果品种及砧木选育的方法,提出中国苹果育种方法的改进建议,希望对中国的苹果育种工作有所启发。New Zealand（NZ） is one of the leading apple production countries in the world,producing about 400 000 metric tonnes of apples for export annually on over 9 000 hectares of orchard and generating about NZ$400 million in export revenue. NZ necessarily exports fresh apple fruit to the rest of the world because of its small local market, while relatively high production costs prompts the older varieties increasingly being replaced with new varieties to earn a premium in the global marketplace. The introduction of the world-renown‘Gala＇by its early predecessor DSIR set the scene for the Plant Food Research（PFR） apple breeding programme, which in turn now is a world leader. Today, marker assisted selection（MAS） for both fore- and background selection plays a large role in both the apple scion and rootstock breeding programmes. PFR＇s apple breeding programme has released more than ten new cultivars since the mid-1990 s, a handful of which now account for more than 25% of New Zealand＇s total apple exports. Recent cultivars have been commercialised through a joint venture company Prevar？ Limited. Prevar cultivars are now being grown under license in New Zealand, Australia, the USA, the UK and Europe.It is estimated that 1.5 million trees will have been planted globally by 2018. Red flesh colour is a main commercial breeding objective as novel fruit trait introgression is an important part of the PFR apple breeding programme in developing new varieties with high consumer appeal. Red flesh breeding began in1998 by crossing low quality red-fleshed accessions with high quality cultivars and advanced selections that have white flesh. All of the red flesh germplasm used for breeding was derived from the PFR germplasm improvement programme known as the Apple Breeding Genetics（ABG） programme. Two red flesh phenotypes have been identified based on the presence or absence of red in the core. Assessment of foliage colour as an indicator for the Type 1 red flesh phenotype is thus best carried out in early sp

关 键 词：苹果 品种 砧木 遗传标记 基因组选择 新西兰 中国 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]