公证遗嘱优先效力论争  

On the Priority Validity of Notarial Testament

作　　者：郑倩[1] 房绍坤[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,吉林长春130012 [2]烟台大学法学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《政法论丛》2016年第2期66-72,共7页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家基金项目<解释论视野下财产法体系研究>(14BFX080)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：在我国继承法规定的五种遗嘱形式中,公证遗嘱因不能通过其他四种遗嘱变更或撤销而居于效力领先地位。虽然限定公证遗嘱变更、撤销的方式,以及由此衍生的优先效力均无可厚非,但这一限定的绝对化,在遗嘱人无法通过公证程序变更、撤销公证遗嘱的特殊情况下,必将限制遗嘱人变更、撤销遗嘱的自由,使遗嘱人难以依照自己的意志处分个人财产。据此,有必要对公证遗嘱的效力领先地位予以弹性调整,即在常态情况下认可公证遗嘱的优先效力,遗嘱人只能通过公证形式变更或撤销之前订立的公证遗嘱;而在法律规定的特殊情况下,暂时视公证遗嘱与其他遗嘱形式效力等同,允许遗嘱人视情况选择口头或自书、代书、录音等形式遗嘱变更、撤销公证遗嘱。According to the inheritance law in China,notarial testament is in priority among all the five forms of will since the other four cannot modify or revoke notarial testament. Although it＇s perfectly fine that notarial testament has priority validity and can only be modified or revoked notarially. But if there is a special time that the testator cannot go through notarial procedure,forcing him to modify or revoke his notarial testament notarially anyway will be unjust and compulsive,given the testator is entitled to dispose his estate freely. Therefore,it is necessary to soften the absolute priority validity of notarial testament. Specifically acknowledge that notarial testament should be in priority and should only be modified or revoked notarially while also allow notarial testament be modified or revoked through other testament written by testator,written on behalf of testator,in the form of sound- recording or nuncupative under special circumstances.

关 键 词：公证遗嘱 优先效力 遗嘱人 自由意志 

分 类 号：DF524[政治法律—民商法学]