印楝属植物表型变异分析  

Phenotypic Difference among Species and a Variation Type of Azadirachta

作　　者：朱利利[1] 吴疆翀[1] 彭兴民[1] 郑益兴[1] 张燕平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2016年第2期162-166,共5页Forest Research

基　　金：国家"十二.五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD21B04)

摘　　要：[目的]结合分子数据确定印楝属内3个种及云南省引种栽培过程中发现的变异类型,特别是变异类型的遗传背景及它们之间的遗传关系。[方法]采用方差分析、聚类、主成分分析等方法,对云南省引种栽培的印楝、泰楝、菲楝以及引种栽培过程中发现的一个变异类型的20个表型性状进行分析。[结果]印楝属植物的形态学特征存在广泛变异,其中,小叶面积变异幅度最大,变异范围为6.09 21.50 cm2,变异系数为51.70%,其次为种子宽与小叶对数,二者变异幅度分别为0.47 0.95 cm和7.00 12.33,变异系数分别为30.34%和30.31%;主成分分析显示,印楝属植物的形态变异主要来源于小叶基部偏斜程度、小叶叶形、果实长、小叶面积、复叶长度、小叶对数。对印楝属植物和外类群近缘属植物川楝进行UPGMA聚类分析,结果表明:印楝属植物可以归为2个大类群,第一类群包括印楝、泰楝、变异类型,第二类群只包含菲楝;第一类群又可分为2个小分支,印楝和变异类型聚为1个小分支,而泰楝单独聚为1个小分支。[结论]印楝属植物叶表型性状存在广泛变异,变异类型与印楝遗传相似度最大,但是否为印楝的变种或印楝和泰楝的杂交个体有待进一步确定。[Objective]To reveal the morphological diversity and phenotypic traits among Azadirachta indica A.Juss,Azadirachta siamensis Val.,Azadirachta excels（ Jack） M. Jacobs and a variation type found in pure A. indica plantation domesticated in Yunnan,China. [Method]ANOVA,Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to study the 20 phenotypic traits of the three Azadirachta species and the variation type. [Result]There were wide variations in the morphologic features of Azadirachta. Among all morphologic features,the leaflet area had the maximum variation range which was 6. 09 21. 50 cm2,with highest variance coefficient of 51. 70%; followed by seed width,ranged from 0. 47 cm to 0. 95 cm,with the variance coefficient of 30. 34%; the leaflet number ranged from 7. 00 to 12. 33,with variance coefficient of 30. 31%. Principal component analysis showed that the main variations were resulted from leaflet deflection,leaflet shape,fruit size,leaflet area,compound leaf length and leaflet number. Clustering analysis of species and the variation type of Azadirachta with Melia toosendanas outgroup by UPGMA method showed that Azadirachta could be divided into two groups. One is formed by A. indica,A. siamensis and the variation type,and the other group is formed by A. excelsa. The former could be further divided into two subgroups,A. indica and the variation type could be clustered into the same subgroup,and A. siamensis is in the other subgroup. The variation type was most similar to A. indica in phenotypic traits,but with possibility of nat-ural variation of A. indica or natural hybridization between A. indica and A. siamensis,further research was required to confirm parents of the variation type.

关 键 词：印楝属 形态特征 聚类分析 变异程度 自然杂交 

分 类 号：S792.18[农业科学—林木遗传育种]