耕作方式转变对土壤蓄水保墒影响的RZWQM模型模拟  

Simulation of Effects of Tillage Pattern Transformation on Soil Water Conservation with RZWQM Model

作　　者：丁晋利[1,2] 武继承[3,4] 杨永辉[3,4] 何建强[5] 冯浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]郑州师范学院地理与旅游学院,郑州450044 [3]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,郑州450002 [4]农业部作物高效用水原阳科学观测站,原阳453514 [5]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2016年第4期136-145,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2013AA102904);国家自然科学基金项目(U1404404)

摘　　要：基于2011—2012年和2013—2014年河南禹州冬小麦长期定位试验,利用传统耕作、免耕和深松处理下土壤水分、地上部生物量和产量对RZWQM（Root zone water quality model）模型进行率定和验证,然后利用率定后的模型模拟传统耕作转变为保护性耕作方式后0-100 cm土层贮水量、耗水量、土壤剖面水分平衡及水分利用效率的动态变化。在模型率定和验证中,土壤分层含水率模拟值和实测值之间的均方根误差（RMSE）分别在0.009-0.025 cm^3/cm^3和0.005-0.054 cm^3/cm^3范围内变化。模型模拟结果表明RZWQM模型能够较好地模拟耕作方式转变后土壤分层水分的动态变化,4种不同耕作转变模式（传统耕作分别转变为免耕、免耕＋秸秆覆盖、深松、深松＋秸秆覆盖）下,传统耕作转变为免耕后产量最高,水分利用效率最大,达19.3 kg/（hm^2·mm）。因此,该模拟条件下传统耕作转变为免耕的蓄水保墒效果最好。A two-year（ 2011—2012 and 2013—2014） field experiment was carried out at Yuzhou City of Henan Province,China. The experiment data were used to calibrate and validate the RZWQM（ Root zone water quality model） model for its simulation of soil water distributions,above ground biomass and wheat yield under different tillage treatments（ conventional tillage,no-tillage and subsoil tillage）. The calibrated RZWQM model was then used to simulate the dynamics of soil water storage in the 0 - 100 cm soil layer,crop water consumption,water balance and water use efficiency when conventional tillage was transformed to four types of conservation tillage patterns,including no-tillage,no-tillage with straw mulching,subsoil,and subsoil with straw mulching. The root mean square errors of soil water content were 0. 009 - 0. 025 cm^3/ cm^3 for model calibration and 0. 005 - 0. 054 cm^3/ cm^3 for model validation,respectively. Simulation results showed that the RZWQM model was able to simulate the dynamics of soilwater content when tillage method was transformed from conventional tillage to the four conservation tillage patterns. Wheat yield was the highest for transformation of conventional tillage to no-tillage,and the water use efficiency could reach 19. 3 kg /（ hm^2·mm）. Therefore,no-tillage was the best conservation tillage method for soil moisture conservation among the four conservation tillage patterns.

关 键 词：冬小麦 耕作方式 RZWQM 土壤水分 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]