基于灌溉需求指数的滇中地区烤烟需水量时空变化分析  

Temporal and Spatial Variation Analysis of Water Requirement of Tobacco in Middle of Yunnan Province Based on Irrigation Requirement Index

作　　者：符娜[1] 李闯[1] 刘艳伟[1] 杨启良[1] 刘小刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2016年第4期155-161,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51109102;51379004;51469010)

摘　　要：基于云南省滇中地区4个国家气象站点逐日气象资料和烤烟不同生育期作物系数,根据FAO 56推荐的Penman-Monteith公式和单作物系数法,计算了滇中地区近58 a(1956—2013年)参考作物蒸发蒸腾量、烤烟净灌溉需水量及净灌溉需求指数,分析了滇中地区烤烟生育期净灌溉需水变异特征;利用GIS普通克里金法,对滇中地区烤烟需水量、净灌溉需水量和净灌溉需求指数进行空间分布分析;采用通径分析法研究灌溉需求指数变化成因。研究结果表明,滇中地区烤烟净灌溉需求指数随生育期变化逐渐减少,即伸根期、旺长期、成熟期;其中,净灌溉需求指数大于零的年数占54%,表明烤烟区在平水年条件下需人工灌溉补给;影响净灌溉需水量最主要的气象因子为降水量。Spatio-temporal variation of crop water requirement and net irrigation requirement can provide theoretical basis for irrigation scheduling in different areas. The research was based on ground meteorological data from four national meteorological sites and crop coefficient at different growth stages of tobacco in the middle of Yunnan Province. The reference crop evapotranspiration, net irrigation requirement and net irrigation requirement index in the middle of Yunnan Province within 58 years（ 1956—2013） were calculated using the Penman-Monteith equation recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization in 1998. The water demand variation characteristics of tobacco during the growing season were analyzed. The spatial analysis of water demand,net irrigation requirement and net irrigation requirement index of tobacco was done by using the ordinary Kringing method of GIS. The results showed that as the change of tobacco＇s growing season,its net irrigation requirement index was gradually decreased. And the years with net irrigation requirement index which was larger than zero could be accounted for about 54% in the middle of Yunnan Province. It was indicated that tobacco needed artificial irrigation in normal years. The most positive and negative correlation factors for net irrigation requirement of tobacco was precipitation. Besides,the reference crop evapotranspiration,net irrigation requirement and net irrigation requirement index increased with latitude in the middle of Yunnan Province.

关 键 词：烤烟 滇中 净灌溉需水量 气候变化 时空分布 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]