飞机除冰液流变特性研究  

Study on rheological properties of deicing/anti-icing fluids

作　　者：王强[1] 彭华乔[1] 吴海涛[1] 张亚博[1] 苏正良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国民用航空总局第二研究所,四川成都610200

出　　处：《应用化工》2016年第4期732-736,共5页Applied Chemical Industry

基　　金：中国民用航空局民航专业项目

摘　　要：冬季飞行时,寒冷的天气常会导致机翼、测压测速传感头等关键表面结冰,影响飞机的空气动力学性能,严重时甚至会造成安全事故。据此,美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)要求寒冷天气飞机起飞时必须进行除防冰操作。目前,最常用的方法是喷洒二醇基除冰液,如Ⅱ型、Ⅳ型除冰液。由于Ⅱ、Ⅳ型除冰液粘度较Ⅰ型除冰液更高,FAA要求对其空气动力学性能进行测试,而除冰液的流变性能直接影响空气动力学性能,因此,采用Brookfield粘度计对防冰液在不同温度、不同转速下的流变性能进行研究,讨论了不同模型对防冰液流变性能的拟合程度。结果表明,在一定范围,Brookfield粘度计测量除冰液粘度具有较高的精度和重现性,幂律模型和Carreau模型均能较好的拟合剪切速率与粘度的关系,相对而言,Carreau方程拟合精度较高,但是其方程更为复杂,参数较多。Cold weather often leads to icing of wing,pressure sensor,speed sensor etc. key surface,which affects the aerodynamics of the aircraft,or even causes accidents. Accordingly,the US Federal Aviation Administration（ FAA） requirements that aircraft must take deicing / anti-icing operations when plane take off in cold weather. Currently,the common measure is to spray glycols anti-icing fluid,such as type Ⅱ and Ⅳ anti-icing fluids. Generally,viscosity of type Ⅱ and Ⅳ anti-icing fluid are higher than the type I,which makes FAA require them to test aerodynamics related to rheological properties of anti-icing fluid directly.Therefore,rheological properties and rheological models of anti-icing fluids are discussed at different temperatures,different speeds. The results show that Brookfield viscometer,in certain viscosity range,has high precision and reproducibility,and the Power law model and Carreau model can fit the relationship between shear rate and viscosity well,relatively speaking,Carreau model has higher precision,but the model is more complex.

关 键 词：除冰液 幂律模型 Carreau模型 粘度 流变性能 

分 类 号：TQ021.1[化学工程]