耐高温氨纶的结构与性能表征  

Characterization of structure and properties of high temperature resistant spandex

作　　者：陈厚翔 梁红军 杨晓印 许图远 王靖 

机构地区：[1]浙江华峰氨纶股份有限公司,浙江温州325200 [2]浙江省华峰纤维研究院,浙江温州325200

出　　处：《合成纤维工业》2016年第2期44-48,共5页China Synthetic Fiber Industry

摘　　要：以聚四亚甲基醚二醇为软段,4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、乙二胺、1,2-丙二胺为硬段,通过干法纺丝技术制得耐高温较好的氨纶(GTS);与GTS的制备方法及原料相同,硬段中另外加入N-乙基乙二胺制得耐高温较差的氨纶(PTS),对2种氨纶的结构、性能进行了表征。结果表明:PTS的游离和氢键化羰基的伸缩振动峰强度比GTS弱,其硬段的结晶熔融峰温比GTS的低90℃,热失重分析中质量损失5%时的温度比GTS的低60.7℃,相对分子质量也较低,且相对分子质量分布较宽,经高温染色1次和2次后PTS的强力保持率分别比GTS的低28.3%和33.4%;GTS和PTS的热分解过程均有3个阶段,即起始分解从硬段开始,然后是软硬段界面处,最后是软段的分解,硬段结构对耐高温性能的影响较为显著,GTS的硬段结构比PTS更加规整,微相分离程度更大,在进行高温染色定型时,耐高温性能更好。A spandex with good high temperature resistance（ GTS） was prepared by using polytetramethylene ether glycol as soft segment and 4,4＇-diphenylmethane diisocyanate,ethylenediamine and 1,2-diaminopropane as hard segments via dry spinning process. And a spandex with poor high temperature resistance（ PTS） was prepared by using the same raw material but introducing N- ethylethylenediamine into the hard segments via the same process. The structure and properties of these two kinds of spandex were characterized. The results showed that PTS had weaker stretching vibration bands of free and hydrogen-bonded carbonyl groups than GTS; as compared with GTS,PTS showed a decrease of 90 ℃ in the melt crystallization peak temperature of hard segments and 60. 7 ℃ in the decomposition temperature at the weight loss of 5%,lower relative molecular mass and wider relative molecular mass distribution,as well as a reduction of 28. 3% and 33. 4% in strength retention while dyeing once or twice,respectively; the thermal decomposition of GTS and PTS comprised three stages starting from hard segments to the interface between soft and hard segments and finally the soft segment,and the structure of hard segment affected the high temperature resistance more profoundly; and as compared with PTS,GTS possessed more regular hard segments,higher micro phase separation degree and better high temperature resistance during high-temperature dyeing and setting process.

关 键 词：聚氨酯弹性纤维 结构 性能 软段 硬段 耐高温性能 

分 类 号：TQ342[化学工程—化纤工业]