“乡-城”人口迁移对城镇劳动工资的影响研究  

Research on the Impacts of Rural-Urban Migration on Urban Labor Wages

作　　者：刘昌平[1] 花亚州 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会保障研究中心

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2016年第2期35-46,126-127,共12页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“人口老龄化背景下中国养老金财政支出规模与影响因素分析”(编号:71273198)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：文章测算了中国"乡—城"人口迁移对城镇平均劳动工资造成的影响,并基于劳动力异质性假定,运用固定替代弹性函数分别对城镇高技能劳动力、低技能劳动力及退休人员的收入水平受到的影响进行分析。研究结果显示,人口迁移对城镇各类劳动者收入水平都存在负效应,其中低技能劳动力工资和退休人员基础养老金受到的冲击最大,而高技能劳动力工资仅有小幅度的下滑,由此助长了不同劳动群体的收入差距,而提高劳动力整体受教育水平可作为缓解收入差距的有效途径。基于此,文章认为中国应积极推进就地城镇化战略,为社会资本在乡镇投资创造条件并鼓励农民自主创业,从而在发挥迁移人口劳动力价值的同时避免对城镇劳动工资造成负效应;此外,还需加大农村基础教育投入力度,缩小城乡收入差距。This paper estimates the impacts of rural-urban migration on the average wage of urban labor force, and calculates special effects of migration on the wages of urban high-skilled and low-skilled labor force, as well as the income of retirees based on the assumption of heterogeneity. The results show that migration in general affects urban labor income negatively, and in particular have more negative effects on the wages of urban low-skilled labor force as well as basic pension retirees, and just slight impact on high-skilled labor's wage. This pattern is responsible for expanding of labor incomes among different groups. On the other hand, improving the education level of the whole labor force can be seen as an effective way to narrow the income gap.Based on these conclusions, this paper suggests that China should boost the development of local urbanization and encourage social wealth invested in rural areas and the peasants to start up their own business to make full use of the labor value of migration. Simultaneously, in order to relieve the rural-urban disparity, public funds to rural basic education should be strengthened.

关 键 词：劳动力 “乡一城”人口迁移 工资 弹性 

分 类 号：F249.24[经济管理—劳动经济] C924.2[经济管理—国民经济]