炸药化学爆炸环境中模拟钚气溶胶源项实验研究  

Experimental Simulation of Aerosol Source Term of Surrogate Plutonium Produced by High-explosive Detonation

作　　者：刘文杰[1] 马庆鹏[1] 田立智 王鹏来[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所,四川绵阳621900

出　　处：《兵工学报》2016年第3期447-454,共8页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21307119)

摘　　要：采用高密封爆炸容器为实验平台,以银、钨、锡、铈、钒5种金属为钚的替代材料,开展爆轰加载条件下金属材料气溶胶源项实验,对炸药化学爆炸事故条件下钚气溶胶源项开展实验模拟研究。利用8级冲击式气溶胶采样器对金属气溶胶进行间隔采样,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱分析方法对空气动力学直径10μm以下的5种金属气溶胶源项分布进行分析,并与美国钚气溶胶外场扩散实验结果进行对比。研究结果表明：金属银在实验室条件下可实现对钚气溶胶源项的模拟,其归一化积累质量分布与钚材料具有较高的一致性,其他4种材料均与钚差距较大。进一步对银气溶胶进行时间间隔采样,并通过能谱分析及扫描电镜等表征手段研究了银气溶胶源项随时间的演化特性。结果表明：爆轰后初次采样时,1.1~2.1μm粒径范围的银气溶胶含量最高;二次采样时,银气溶胶发生了显著的凝并和沉降。An experimental method is developed to simulate the plutonium aerosol source term in the circumstance of high-explosive detonation with ordinary surrogate metals on an aerosol test facility consisting of a confinement vessel and a non-viable aerosol sizing sampler. Five kinds of metals,including silver（ Ag）,tungsten（ W）,tin（ Sn）,cerium（ Ce） and vanadium（ V）,are detonated in confinement vessel. Aerosol samples with aerodynamic diameter of smaller than 10 μm are collected. The cumulative mass and size distribution of each metal aerosolized in experiment are investigated and compared to the plutonium aerosol source term obtained from operation roller coaster-double tracks experiment of USA.The results show that the silver aerosol can simulate the plutonium aerosol source term in the laboratory environment,of which the cumulative mass distribution is in good agreement with that of plutonium,while the aerosol source terms of other four metals are quite different from that of plutonium. Two samples of the silver aerosol in confinement vessel are collected at different time after detonation,which are compared based on energy spectrum analysis and scanning electron microscope characterization. A solid sam-ple on the bottom of confinement vessel is also collected,and the scanning electron microscope method is used to analyze the size distribution of the sediments. The results show that the AD of silver aerosol obtained just after detonation is in the range from 1. 1 μm to 2. 1 μm,while the aerosol size is larger for the late sample,suggesting that settlement and combination of the silver aerosol take place with time in confinement vessel.

关 键 词：兵器科学与技术 钚气溶胶 银 源项 归一化积累质量分布 粒径分布 

分 类 号：O648.18[理学—物理化学]