种棉改良对粘质盐土物理性状及水盐动态的影响  

Effect of Cotton Planting on Physical Characteristics and Water-salt Dynamic of Clay Solonchak

作　　者：刘鸿敏[1] 毛伟兵[1] 张玉文[1] 孙玉霞[1] 郑乾坤[1] 贾利梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学水利土木工程学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第12期152-157,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"引黄泥沙对黄河三角洲粘质盐土物理性状的改良研究"(41471184)

摘　　要：为了研究棉花种植对滨海粘质盐土物理性状及水盐动态的影响,笔者在黄河三角洲滨海粘质盐化潮土区进行田间试验,设置了连续种棉改良3年和盐碱荒地2种不同处理,探讨种棉改良对土壤容重、饱和导水率和不同条件下土壤水盐动态的影响。结果表明：与盐碱荒地相比,种棉改良后0～20 cm土层的土壤容重降低了15%（P〈0.01）,土壤饱和导水率增加了89.23%（P〈0.05）。在春季蒸发条件下,0～20、20～40、40～60、60～80、80～100 cm 5个土层中,种棉改良的土壤含盐量比盐碱荒地分别降低了52.07%、55.17%、55.23%、53.78%和47.43%。种棉改良还增加了少量降雨对土壤盐分的淋溶,有效抑制表层土壤盐分积累,使棉花生育期内的土壤耕作层含盐量低于3 g/kg,保证了棉花不同时期的正常生长,是盐碱荒地改良和高效利用的有效途径之一。In order to study the effect of cotton planting on soil physical characteristics and water-salt dynamicof coastal clay solonchak, field experiments were conducted in Yellow River Delta coastal clay salinizationmoisture soil area. Two treatments： three years continuous cotton planting and salty land, were set up, the effectof cotton planting on soil bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity and water-salt dynamic under differentconditions were studied. The results showed that compared with salty land, cotton planting treatment decreasedthe soil bulk density in 0-20 cm soil layer by 15%（P0.01） and increased the saturated hydraulic conductivityby 89.23%（P0.05）. Under the condition of evaporation in spring, the soil salt content of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60,60-80 and 80-100 cm soil layer in cotton planting treatment decreased by 52.07%, 55.17%, 55.23%, 53.78%and 47.43%, respectively, in comparing with that of salty land. In addition, cotton planting could increase thesoil salt leaching by small amount of rainfall, restrain salt accumulation in topsoil effectively, make the salinityin soil tillage layer lower than 3 g/kg during cotton growth period, and ensure cotton normal growth in differentstages, thus it was one of the effective ways to improve and utilize salty land.

关 键 词：粘质盐土 水盐动态 棉花 饱和导水率 物理性状 

分 类 号：S156.42[农业科学—土壤学]