基于不同基质理化特性的无土栽培混合基质筛选  

Screening Test for Mixed Soilless Culture Matrix Based on Different Physical and Chemical Properties

作　　者：李耀龙[1] 季延海[2,3] 于平彬[2] 武占会[2,3] 刘明池[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京102206 [2]北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心,北京100097 [3]农业部都市农业(北方)重点实验室,北京100097

出　　处：《北方园艺》2016年第8期36-40,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201303014-03;201303133-2);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项资助项目(KJCX20150701);北京市科委科技计划资助项目(D151100004515001)

摘　　要：草炭是短期内不可再生资源,为减少草炭用量、降低基质成本,以草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩为研究对象,测定单一基质和不同配比混合基质的缓冲性,容重、持水能力等物理性质并观测其显微结构,以筛选出减少草炭用量的适宜混合基质配比。结果表明：物理性质方面草炭容重最高,珍珠岩持水能力最大,总孔隙度蛭石最高,这是由于基质内部显微结构不同所致。不同基质对酸碱缓冲性由大到小分别为草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩,盐缓冲性草炭、珍珠岩接近,蛭石最差;依据不同比例试验建立了容重、持水能力、持水孔隙与草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩的回归模型,并依据20种混合基质的试验数据筛选出V（草炭）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）=1∶1∶2、1∶1∶3、1∶2∶1、1∶2∶2、1∶2∶3等5种混合基质的各项物理性质均在适宜范围内,可减少草炭24%～48%的用量。Peat is non-renewable resource in short time,in order to reduce the culture matrix cost,taking peatused peat,vermiculite and perlite as material.The buffer,bulk density,water holding capacity and other physical properties of single substrate and different substrate proportions were surveyed,and the microstructure was observed to find out suitable ratio of mixture substrates to reduce the peat＇s amount.The results showed that the peat＇s bulk density was the highest,perlite＇s water-holding capacity was the largest,total porosity of vermiculite was maximum,which was due to the difference of the internal microstructure of substrate.Different substrates on pH buffer select from the highest to the lowest were peat,vermiculite,perlite.Salt buffer of peat and perlite was similar,vermiculite was the worst.According to the different proportion of experiment established regression model between bulk density,water-holding capacity,water-holding＇s pore with peat,vermiculite and perlite,and based on the experimental data of 20 kinds of mixed substrate screening V（peat）∶V（vermiculite）∶V（perlite）=1∶1∶2,1∶1∶3,1∶2∶1,1∶2∶2,1∶2∶3,which physical properties were all in appropriate range that could reduce the amount of peat 24%-48%.

关 键 词：无土栽培基质 显微结构 物理性质 缓冲性 混合基质 

分 类 号：S604.7[农业科学—园艺学]