不同滴药处理对设施瓜菜生长发育及土壤特性的影响  

Growth of Greenhouse Vegetable and Melons,and Soil Characteristics as Affected by Drip Irrigation With Different Pesticides

作　　者：纪立东[1] 杨建国[1] 樊丽琴[1] 张志明[2] 王军[2] 夏婷[3] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]平罗县农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏石嘴山753400 [3]北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《北方园艺》2016年第8期173-177,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：石嘴山市科技攻关计划资助项目(2010-19)

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究了不同滴药处理对设施甜瓜、吊瓜、番茄等瓜菜叶绿素SPAD值、光合速率、产量及土壤养分、微生物区系的影响,以期筛选适宜的滴灌施用生物菌剂。结果表明:与CK相比,滴施化学药剂对设施瓜菜叶绿素SPAD值、光合速率、产量、土壤养分含量和微生物区系数量的影响不明显;滴施生物菌剂和复合微生物菌剂对设施瓜菜叶绿素SPAD值、光合速率和磷钾养分活化具有明显的促进作用;生物菌剂处理显著提高了设施番茄、甜瓜的产量,而对设施吊瓜的增产效应不明显;复合微生物菌剂处理极显著提高了设施瓜菜产量,对应于设施番茄、甜瓜、吊瓜增产率分别为18.78%、23.52%、25.92%。设施瓜菜滴施生物菌剂对增加土壤有益微生物群落、改善土壤微生态环境的作用最为明显,复合微生物菌剂次之。The effects of different pesticides treatments on chlorophyll（SPAD）value,photosynthesis rate and yield of greenhouse muskmelon,watermelon and tomato,respectively,and soil nutrient and microbial flora were studied through field experiment,by which could screen suitable application of drip irrigation of biological agents compared with CK.The results showed that the drip application of chemical agent had little effect on SPAD,photosynthesis rate and yield of greenhouse vegetables,and soil nutrients contents and microbial flora numbers.However,there were promoting effects of drip application of biological agents and complex microbial community on SPAD,photosynthesis rate of greenhouse vegetables,and phosphorus and potassium nutrient activation.Meanwhile,drip irrigation of biological agents could increase the yield of greenhouse tomato and muskmelon significantly,but had insignificant effect on the yield increment of greenhouse watermelon.Furthermore,the drip irrigation of complex microbial community could improve the yield increment of greenhouse tomato,muskmelon and watermelon markedly,which was 18.78%,23.52% and 25.92%,respectively.The drip irrigation of biological agents had the maximal function on enhancing the beneficial soil microbial communities and ameliorating the soil micro ecological environment,compared with which,the drip irrigation of complex microbial community had less improvement.

关 键 词：滴灌 微生物菌剂 设施瓜菜 土壤养分 微生物区系 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学]