降解地膜过早破裂对玉米地土壤水分温度及产量的影响  

Premature Fracture of Degradable Mulch on Soil Temperature, Moisture and Corn Yield

作　　者：董立国[1] 蔡进军[1] 张源润[1] 李生宝[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所,银川750002

出　　处：《农学学报》2016年第4期66-69,共4页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：宁夏农林科学院自主研发项目"宁南山区水土保持耕作措施对土壤关键因子的响应"(NKYJ-13-07);宁夏农林科学院自主研发项目"宁南山区典型水土保持措施下土壤水分和养分变化特征及机理研究"(NKYJ-15-19);国家外专局项目"生物降解膜在宁夏保护性农业中的应用"(20156400020);宁夏环境保护科研项目"宁南山区农业废弃物减控与利用关键技术研究与示范"(20120803);国家科技支撑计划课题"宁南山区脆弱生态系统恢复及可持续经营技术集成与示范"(2015BAC01B01);宁夏科技攻关"宁南山区生态产业培育技术集成与示范"(2012ZZS50)

摘　　要：生物降解膜是解决农业"白色污染"的重要途径,笔者针对降解膜过早破裂这一过程,开展了土壤温度、水分和作物产量的影响研究。研究结果显示:降解膜过早裂解对土壤温度和土壤水分不同阶段影响程度不同。对土壤温度的影响主要体现在苗期,降解膜地25 cm内土壤温度比PE膜降低14.1%;对土壤水分的影响主要体现在喇叭口期,降解膜地100 cm内土壤水分比PE膜降低13.1%;降解膜种植的玉米在株高、秃尖、穗行数、百粒重和产量等方面明显低于PE膜,减产27.2%。也即降解膜过早裂解显著影响土壤温度、土壤水分和作物产量。Degradable mulch utilization is an important approach to solve agricultural＂white pollution＂. Theauthors studied the effect of premature fracture of degradable mulch on soil temperature, moisture and cornyield. The results showed that premature fracture had different effects on soil temperature and moisture indifferent stages. The effect on soil temperature mainly reflected in seedling stage, the soil temperature ofdegradable mulching field decreased by 14.1% comparing with that of PE film mulching field in 25 cm soillayer. The effect on soil moisture mainly reflected in bell stage, soil moisture of degradable mulching decreasedby 13.1% comparing with that of PE film in 100 cm soil layer. Crop parameters such as plant height, bald tip,ear rows, hundred kernel weight and yield of degradable mulch treatment were significantly lower under that ofPE film treatment, which caused the yield reduction of 27.2%. Therefore, the premature fracture of degradablemulch affected soil temperature, moisture and yield significantly.

关 键 词：黄土高原 降解膜 土壤温度 土壤水分 地膜玉米 

分 类 号：S626.2[农业科学—园艺学]