14个尼罗罗非鱼家系遗传差异的微卫星标记分析  

Genetic Diversity of 14 Families of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Revealed by Microsatellite DNA Markers

作　　者：张永德 林勇 余艳玲 杜雪松 曾兰 陈忠 杨慧赞 

机构地区：[1]广西水产科学研究院,广西水产遗传育种与健康养殖重点实验室,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2016年第2期9-15,共7页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科攻2013BB23);广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科重14121004-1-3);广西罗非鱼创新团队专项;广西自然科学基金资助项目(2013GXNSFBA019121);广西直属公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(GXIF-2014-016,GXIF-2014-017)

摘　　要：利用12个微卫星标记分析14个尼罗罗非鱼Oreochromis niloticus家系的遗传多样性,以P_0代为对照,研究P_4、P_5代家系的遗传多态性,指导尼罗罗非鱼的选育。研究结果表明:14个罗非鱼家系的平均有效等位基因数、平均杂合度、平均多态信息含量分别为3.1819、0.6276、0.5753,其遗传多样性丰富;家系N312与N314遗传距离最小(0.1214),而家系N304与N306遗传距离最大(0.3137),14个家系间的平均遗传距离为0.1973;UP_GMA进化树分析结果表明,14个尼罗罗非鱼家系聚为4个分支,第一分支为家系N303,第二分支由N301、N306和N311组成,第三分支由N302、N308和N310组成,其余家系组成第四分支;P_4代尼罗罗非鱼群体遗传多态性比P_0代小幅降低,而构建P_5代家系时参考了微卫星标记的分析结果,其遗传多态性明显高于P_0和P_4代。结果表明:参考微卫星标记计算的家系间的亲缘关系,人为控制选配提高后代稀有等位基因的频率和杂合子的比例,可以有效防止近交衰退,维持较高的种群遗传多样性和选择潜力。Twelve microsatellite DNA markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 14 families of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus to guide the tilapia selective breeding work, and the genetic polymorphisms of P4 and P_5generations were analyzed using P0 as control. The results showed that there was average effective allele number of 3.1819, heterozygosity of 0.6276, and polymorphism information content（ PIC） of 0.5753 in 14 Nile tilapia families, with the minimal genetic distance（0.1214） in Family N312 and N314,the maximal genetic distance（ 0.3137） in Family N304 and N306 and the average genetic distance of 0.1973. The result of UPGMA phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that 14 Nile tilapia families were clustered to 4 branches, the first branch of Family N303, the second branch of Families N301, N306, and N311, the third branch of Families N302, N308, and N310, and the fourth branch of the rest families. There was slightly lower genetic polymorphism in P4 generation than P0 generation in Nile tilapia, and significantly higher genetic polymorphism in P_5 family due to reference the analysis results of the microsatellite marker, than that in P0 and P4, indicating that the inbreeding can be effectively prevented and maintain high levels of genetic diversity and selection of potential by reference the phylogenetic relationships calculated by microsatellite markers among families, via artificially controlling the optional matching to improve the rare allele frequency and the heterozygosity proportion of offspring.

关 键 词：罗非鱼 微卫星 遗传多样性 分子标记 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]