生物炭和秸秆对华北农田表层土壤矿质氮和pH值的影响  

Effects of Biochar and Straw Return on Mineral Nitrogen and pH of the Surface Soil in Farmland of the North China Plain

作　　者：张星[1,2] 刘杏认[2] 林国林[1] 张晴雯[2] 张庆忠[2] 王琴[3] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110866 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081 [3]环境保护部环境保护对外合作中心,北京100035

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2016年第2期131-142,共12页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31300375);中央公益型科研院所基本科研业务费专项(BSRF201505);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2015ZX07203-007)

摘　　要：基于2014-2015年华北农田定位试验,设CK(单施氮磷钾肥)、C1(生物炭4.5t?hm^(-2)?a^(-1)+氮磷钾肥)、C2(生物炭9.0t?hm^(-2)?a^(-1)+氮磷钾肥)和SR(秸秆还田+氮磷钾肥)4个处理,对施用生物炭和秸秆还田对表层土壤矿质氮(NO_3^--N、NH_4^+-N)含量以及土壤p H值的影响进行研究。结果表明,不同处理土壤矿质氮的动态变化趋势基本一致,施用生物炭和秸秆还田均可显著提高土壤NO_3^--N含量(P<0.05),但对土壤NH_4^+-N含量影响不大。与秸秆还田相比,高量施用生物炭有利于增加土壤NO_3^--N含量。各处理土壤中矿质氮主要以NO_3^--N为主,NH_4^+-N含量均保持在一个较低水平。将冬小麦整个生育期内各处理土壤NO_3^--N、NH_4^+-N含量与夏玉米的相比,前者显著高于后者。在整个冬小麦-玉米轮作周期内,高量施用生物炭显著提高了土壤p H值,且各处理土壤NO_3^--N与土壤p H值呈显著负相关(P<0.05),土壤NH_4^+-N含量与土壤p H值相关性不显著;而各处理土壤NO_3^--N、NH_4^+-N含量与土壤含水量均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。可见,添加生物炭对减少氮素的转化和流失具有较大潜力。Based on the location experiment, which consisted of four treatments（CK, C1, C2, SR） with three replications： CK（single NPK fertilizer）, C1（biochar 4.5t·ha^（-1）·y-1＋NPK fertilizer） and C2（biochar 9.0t·ha^（-1）·y-1 ＋ NPK fertilizer） and SR（straw return ＋ NPK fertilizer）. The effects of biochar and straw return on mineral nitrogen（N） and p H of the surface soil in farmland of the North China Plain in 2014 and 2015 were studied. Results showed that the dynamic trend of soil mineral N content（NO_3^--N, NH_4~＋-N） were similar. Application of biochar and straw return significantly increased soil NO_3^--N（P0.05）. However, there were no significant effects on soil NH_4~＋-N. Compared with SR treatment, C2 treatment was more helpful to increase soil NO_3^--N. The mineral N in the soil was dominated by NO_3^--N, and NH_4~＋-N was kept at a low level. The contents of soil mineral N in the whole growth period of winter wheat was higher than in that of summer maize. Biochar significantly increased soil p H（P0.05）, and soil NO_3^--N was negatively correlated with soil p H（P0.05）, and soil NH_4~＋-N was not correlated with soil p H. But soil NO_3^--N and NH_4~＋-N were positively correlated with soil moisture content in each treatment（P0.05）. In short, adding biochar had greater potential in slowing N transformation, reducing N mobility and so on. The results can be used a scientific reference on improving soil quality and reducing soil N loss in farmland.

关 键 词：生物炭 秸秆还田 矿化 硝化 pH 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]