干旱区枸杞滴灌灌溉制度试验研究  

An Experimental Study on Drip Irrigation Scheduling of Lycium Barbarum in Arid Area

作　　者：徐利岗[1,2] 杜历 鲍子云 苗正伟[3] 张上宁 李金泽[4] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏水利科学研究院,银川750021 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [3]河北工程技术高等专科学校,河北沧州061001 [4]宁夏大学,银川750021

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2016年第4期1-6,10,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51309136);宁夏自然科学基金项目(NZ13221);宁夏回族自治区科技支撑计划项目(精量灌溉与水肥一体化技术研究与示范)

摘　　要：以宁夏大田滴灌枸杞为研究对象,分析了不同水分处理条件下滴灌枸杞土壤水分动态、生长量变化及水分对产量品质的影响,基于多因素考虑提出了合理的枸杞滴灌灌溉制度。主要结论有：干旱区枸杞土壤水分变化敏感区域为距树干水平距离40cm处的20~70cm土层,灌水前后土壤含水率变幅在0.2%~4.3%。随灌水量的增加枸杞地径及株高随之增加,而冠幅的变化规律性不强,西侧及南侧的枝条生长量明显高于东侧及北侧。3 750m3/hm2时鲜果产量、干果产量、百粒重、粒度及枸杞多糖含量均最高,干鲜比为1∶4.66,综合认为其水分利用效率最高且品质相对较好。平水偏丰年型（P=40%）条件下枸杞滴灌灌溉制度为灌溉定额为3 750m3/hm2,灌水次数为14次,其中萌芽期灌水1次,营养生长期2次,盛花期、盛果期各4水,秋季生长期灌水3次。Taking Ningxia province as a target area,and the drip irrigation for Lycium barbarum（Lycium-b）as the research object,the soil moisture dynamics in the root soil layer,changes of Lycium-b growth and the influence of water on the yield and quality are analyzed under different water treatments.Moreover,based on multi-factors consideration,a reasonable drip irrigation regime for Lycium-b is put forward.The results show that：in arid region,the sensitive area for soil moisture changes is the 20~70cm soil layer with 40 cm horizontal distance from the trunk of Lycium-b;the water content of soil changes by 0.2%~4.3% before and after irrigation With the increase of irrigation rate of Lycium-b,the ground diameter and plant height increases,but there is no regularity for the crown of Lycium-b;the growth quantity of branches in west and south direction is significantly higher than that in east and north;the fresh fruit yield,dried fruit yield,100 grain weight,Lycium barbarum polysaccharides and grain size are the highest with irritation rate of 3 750m3/hm2,and the fresh and dry ratio is 1∶4.66,so the treatment has the highest water use efficiency and relatively good quality.In the end,an drip irrigation scheduling（precipitation frequency is P=40%）for Lycium-b is proposed,which is irrigation quota of 3 750m3/hm2,irrigation time of 14 times,with one time at the budding period and vegetative growth stage,two times at vegetative growth stage,both four times for flowering stage and full fruit stage,and three times for autumn growth period.

关 键 词：干旱区 宁夏 枸杞 滴灌 灌溉制度 多因子 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV93[农业科学—农业工程]