中亚东干语的特点、现状和发展趋势  

Features,Situation and Development Trends of Tung'gan Language in Central Asia

作　　者：林涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]北方民族大学北方语言研究院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2016年第2期234-243,共10页Contemporary Linguistics

摘　　要：东干语是中亚回族所使用的语言,它来源于我国近代汉语西北方言。东干语有独立性、融合性和口语性等特点。在多民族语言接触中,东干语发生了一定变化,但从未脱离母语语言系统。东干语从形态学分类角度看属词根语;从发生学角度看属汉藏语系汉语语支,它是汉语在中亚的一种跨境方言。东干语的变化使它产生了许多亚文化特征,也促使它向濒危语言的方向发展。今后,随着科学技术的发展和全球现代化步伐的加快,东干语的这种发展趋势还会加剧。Tung＇gan people （mainly are ＂Hui＂ people） live in Kyrghyzstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in Central Asia. In the late 19th century, after the revolt of Hui people in northwest China failed, they moved to Central Asia and formed a new ethnic group. Their language is called Tang＇gan language. Tung＇gan language has changed a lot in terms of its speech sound and vocabulary because it was separated from Chinese language for 140 years in history and was affected by various languages in Central Asia. The common language in Tung＇gan ethnic group is a cross-border Chinese dialect, which belongs to Sino-Tibetan languages. It mainly lies in Chuhe River and Issyk-Kul Lake which is between Kyrghyzstan and Kazakhstan. The common language in Tung＇gan ethnic group （ written language） has 25 consonants, 32 vowels and 3 word tones with over 870 syllables. The Tung＇gan vocabulary has not only some ancient Chinese and modern Chinese words, but also some Russian, Turkic, Arabic and Persian and Central Asia words as its loanwords. Its grammar has been affected by Russian and Turkic. The Tung＇gan ethnic group in Central Asia also created its own Slavonic alphabetic writing system. Now, the Tung＇gan language situation has changed a lot. In some areas, few people use the Tung＇gan language. The Osh Tung＇gan people in South Kyrghyzstan could not speak Tung＇gan language except for some words, and their mother tongue is replaced by Uzbek language. Tung＇gan language has become an endangered language.

关 键 词：东干语 中亚回族 回民方言 

分 类 号：H179[语言文字—汉语]