中泰苗语的差异分析  

The Analysis on Differences between Miao Languages Spoken in China and Thailand

作　　者：余金枝[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学汉藏语研究院,云南省昆明市呈贡区大学城650500

出　　处：《当代语言学》2016年第2期244-258,共15页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：云南省创新团队"云南少数民族语言研究"(批准号:2014CX01);云南省哲学社会科学重大项目"云南跨境语言研究";国家社科基金一般项目"中泰跨境苗语对比研究"(批准号:10BY0082)的资助

摘　　要：本文对中泰苗语的语音、词汇、语法的主要差异进行对比分析,指出语音的主要差异是声母系统和声调系统出现了不同程度的简化。从核心词同源词的比例上看,泰国苗语与文山苗语最为亲近,而与台江苗语、矮寨苗语的亲疏度未呈现明显的差距。中泰苗语的总体差异是泰国苗语更多地保留古苗瑶语修饰语后置的语序,中泰苗语的跨境差异小于方言差异。This paper aims to discuss and analyze the differences between the Miao languages in China and those in Thailand in vocabulary and grammar. The following conclusions are drawn： （1） Thai Miao shares more similarities with Wenshan Miao, than with the Miaos of Taijiang and Aizhai; （2） the pre-nasal initials of proto-Miao are still preserved in the Miaos in Thailand and Wenshan, but changed into voiced in Aizhai, and lost in Taijiang; （3） the systems of initials and tones have been simplified to different extents; （4） the proportion of 200 cognate core words indicates that Thai Miao has a closer genetic relation with Wenshan Miao than with the Miaos of Taijiang and Aizhan. The differences between Thai Miao and the Chinese Miaos include （i） the word order difference in the nominal structure, the gender difference on kinship terms, the difference in the functions of particle and classifier, the difference in the ability of the adjective to take objects. In general, the differences between the Miaos in China and those in Thailand are below： （1） Thai Miao maintains more features of Proto Miao-Yao; （2） special sentence patterns emerged after the differentiation of the Miaos; （3） the evolutionary paflerns of Miaos in China are greatly influenced by Chinese; （4） cross-border differences between Miaos in China and those in Thailand are smaller than those between different Miao dialects.

关 键 词：中国苗语 泰国苗语 分化 

分 类 号：H216[语言文字—少数民族语言]