老挝克木仂话四音格词韵律的实验语音学研究  

Experimental Studies on the Prosody of Quadrisyllabic Elaborate Expressions in Lao's Khmu Lue

作　　者：刘岩[1] 刘希瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学语言与古籍研究所

出　　处：《当代语言学》2016年第2期274-285,共12页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：中央民族大学提供的"国家民委中青年英才项目(2014)"资金支持

摘　　要：本文对南亚语系孟高棉族语言老挝克木仂话四音格词的音长、音高和音强等声学参数进行提取和实验分析,结果表明其具有以下韵律特征:(1)四音格词受其"三维韵律模板"的规定性而呈现出稳定的韵律特征。(2)声调和韵尾的舒促形式在四音格词组合配列中没有约束力。(3)四音格词呈现出2+2的节奏模式,主要表现在第二、四音节的音长和音高的搭配上以及音节的对应重复上,而非音节间的停顿上。(4)四音格词构成中,前加音节同常态音节一样被视作独立音节。(5)四音格词为右重结构,主要表现在音节的长度上,其次是元音响度上。总体呈现出"弱强-弱强"的拍子。(6)在较小范围内,语义对四音格词韵律分配也有影响。本文还提出,把语音结构和韵律结构结合起来分析,有助于加深对四音格词语音本质特征的认识。This paper investigates the phenomenon of quadrisfllabic elaborate expressions （QEEs） in Lao＇s Khmu Lue, a language belonging to the Mon-Khmer languages of Austroasiatic language family. Acoustic parameters of duration, pitch, and intensity of each syllable in all varieties of QEEs in that language have been extracted and analyzed. Experimental results suggest that QEEs in Lao＇s Khmu Lue are characterized with the following prosodic features. Firstly, their prosodic patterns, mainly manifested on duration and pitch, together with balanced intensity distribution, constitute a 3-D prosodic template. Secondly, the lexical tone and coda of the syllable don＇t play any role in the formation of QEEs. That is, syllable sequences are merely dominated by the 3-D prosodic template mentioned above, irrespective of lexical tone and coda of the syllable. Thirdly, its rhythm falls into ＂2＋2＂ pattern, exhibited by the distribution of duration, pitch and repetition of certain syllables, rather than intervals among syllables. Fourthly, in the formation of QEEs, the pre-weakening syllable is taken as an individual syllable, which could be motivated by the emerging tone system of that language, and it allows the weakening syllable to be an independent element. Fifthly, it is right-headed in terms of stress, reflected primarily on syllable length and secondarily on vowel sonority. Sixthly, semantics also influences the prosodic pattern.

关 键 词：老挝克木仂话 四音格词 实验语音学 三维韵律模板 

分 类 号：H411[语言文字]