焉耆盆地绿洲区水体硝态氮污染现状分析与评价  

Current Situation of Nitrate Nitrogen Contamination in Water Body of the Oasis Area of Yanqi Basin

作　　者：汪昌树 杨鹏年[1] 于宴民 魏光辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2016年第1期81-86,共6页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51369030);2015年度新疆农业大学研究生科研创新项目(XJAUGRI2015-009);新疆水文学及水资源重点学科基金(XJSWSZYZDXK20101202)

摘　　要：为研究焉耆盆地绿洲区水体硝态氮的污染现状,通过野外采样及室内分析,对绿洲区地表水(65个)、不同埋深地下水(281个)的硝态氮含量进行测定,并利用统计分析的方法进行了对比分析。结果表明,绿洲区水体硝态氮含量总体水平较低,为2.69mg/L,水质状况良好,但不同水体类型、区域之间硝态氮含量差异明显;河流、水库等水质良好,农田排渠硝态氮含量明显高于其余地表水样;地下水硝态氮含量与埋深呈负相关关系,平均含量:包气带水>手压井水>农田灌溉水>饮用水。手压井硝态氮含量城镇明显低于灌区;农田灌溉水方面,粮食种植区明显低于蔬菜、瓜果种植区,表明氮肥及其施用水平与地下水硝态氮含量密切相关。近年氮肥施用量的增加、利用率偏低是焉耆盆地绿洲区水体硝态氮污染的主要原因。To study the current status of the nitrate nitrogen contamination in water body of the oasis area of Yanqi Basin, through field sampling and laboratory analysis, the nitrate nitrogen concentration of 65 samples for surface water and 281 samples for different depth of groundwater in the oasis of Yanqi Basin were measured, and the statistical analysis method was used to compare and analyze.The results indicated that the average level of nitrate nitrogen content in water body of the oasis area of Yanqi Basin was low with 2.69 mg/L,the water quality was in good condition,but the nitrate nitrogen concentration had signifi- cant differences among water body of different area and type;the water quality of rivers and reservoirs was in good condition, the drainage canal in farmland had higher nitrate nitrogen concentration, the nitrate ni- trogen pollution for part of drainage was not optimistic; the nitrate nitrogen concentration in groundwater was negatively correlated with the embedded depth, the order of average nitrate nitrogen concentration was：aeration zone water＇hand-pumping well water＇irrigation well water＇drinking well water. The ni- trate nitrogen concentration of hand-pumping in towns was significantly lower than that of irrigation dis- tricts, the grain planting area was significantly lower than vegetable planting area through synthetic analy- sis,the nitrogen fertilizer application was closely related to the nitrate nitrogen in groundwater. The in- crease of nitrogen fertilizer application and low utilization are the main reasons to cause the nitrate nitrogen contamination in groundwater of oasis area of Yanqi Basin in recent years.

关 键 词：硝态氮污染 地下水 地表水 焉耆盆地 绿洲 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S274.1[农业科学—农业工程]