宁波城乡环境和学生头发中重金属含量分析  

Analysis of heavy metal content situation in the environment and students ' hair samples in Ningbo urban area

作　　者：毛国传[1,2] 谷元亮 胡丹标[3] 张立军[4] 王立[2] 邱红霞 金米聪[2] 周琪[1] 王亚飞[1] 苏红[1] 邹宝波[1] 赵进顺[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学医学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]宁波市疾病预防控制中心,浙江宁波315010 [3]宁海县疾病预防控制中心,浙江宁波315600 [4]宁波市江东区疾病预防控制中心,浙江宁波315040 [5]宁波市镇海区蛟川街道社区卫生服务中心,浙江宁波315207

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2016年第2期323-328,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81273111);宁波市科技局重点项目(2012C5019)

摘　　要：针对宁波市3个区域(城郊、工业区、农村)的镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、汞(Hg)等重金属污染情况,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对上述3个区域中蔬菜、大米、土壤、积尘、灌溉水、饮用水和学生头发中的重金属含量进行了测定,进一步对各区域重金属超标情况及各区域环境和学生头发样品中重金属的分布进行了比较分析。结果表明,城郊的青菜、芹菜和工业区的大白菜、芹菜中的Cd质量比均值超过了GB 18406.1—2001限值,城郊和工业区蔬菜Cd超标率分别为62%、33%。蔬菜中Cd、Cu和Cr质量比以城郊最高,蔬菜中Pb和Mn质量比以工业区最高。灌溉水和饮用水中重金属质量浓度均较低,且以农村灌溉水中重金属质量浓度最低。城郊菜地土壤中Cd和Zn的平均质量比均超过土壤二级质量标准,而且城郊菜地土壤中Cd、Cu、Hg和Zn的质量比均高于农村和工业区。3个研究区域中积尘的重金属质量比均较高,其中Cd、Pb、Zn显著超过土壤中质量比。女生头发中Cd、Cu、Mn、Cr、Pb、Zn的质量比均比男生高,城郊和工业区学生头发中Cd、Pb质量比均比农村高,而且城郊学生头发中Pb超标率高达30.4%。此外,蔬菜、土壤、灌溉水中重金属含量之间存在着一定的正相关关系,宁波各区域环境中重金属污染情况与学生头发中Cd质量比分布基本吻合。鉴于Cd、Pb等重金属调查结果,宁波城郊和工业区周边的蔬菜种植地应引起进一步关注。To investigate the situation of heavy metals＇ contamination in Ningbo City,such as those of cadmium（ Cd）,copper（ Cu）,manganese（ Mn）,chromium（ Cr）,lead（ Pd）,zinc（ Zn） and mercury（ Hg） in three areas（ i. e. in the suburban,industrial and rural areas）,the paper has collected different samples from the vegetable-growing soils,dusts,irrigation water,drinking water,vegetables and students＇ hairs in terms of the content concentration rates of heavy metals（ CHM） by using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ ICP- MS）. Further comparison has been made among the data of the heavy metal contamination rates in the three kinds of areas and analysis has been done as to the distribution situation over the above said areas by taking the student hair examples as the case study sample. The results of our investigation show that,on the one hand,the average content rate of Cd in the greens and celeries and cabbages in the suburban area and those in the industrial area have been found much higher over the national standard threshold（ GB18406. 1—2001）,on the other,the Cd excessive content rates in the suburb and industrial areas turn to be over 62% and 33% in comparison with the above said national standard threshold. What is more,the vegetable samples from the suburban area reveal the highest content rates of Cd,Cu and Cr while the vegetable samples in the industrial area have been detected greatest in content concentration rate of Pb and Mn,though the rates of heavy metals in the irrigation water and drinking water areas turn out to be lower than those stipulated in the national standard,particularly,for the rural water-irrigated area. In comparison,the average concentration rate of Cd and Zn in the vegetable fields in the suburban area has been found exceeding the second level soil standard with the concentration of Cd,Cu,Zn and Mn being much higher as against the rural and industrial areas. Furthermore,the CHM in the dust samples tends to be highest a-mong the three are

关 键 词：环境学 宁波 蔬菜 土壤 头发 重金属 

分 类 号：X503.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]