大黄对幼年雌性大鼠下丘脑、垂体结构及激素水平的影响  

Effect of Rheum palmatum L. on tissue structure of hypothalamusand pituitary and hormone levels of young female rats

作　　者：佟继铭[1] 刘梦杰[1] 万慧杰[1] 董雅洁[1] 张树峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省中药研究与开发重点实验室-承德医学院中药研究所,承德067000

出　　处：《中药药理与临床》2016年第1期116-119,共4页Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：河北省教育厅重大项目(NO.2009301)

摘　　要：目的:观察长期应用大黄水煎液对雌性幼年大鼠下丘脑、垂体结构及功能的影响,探讨大黄生殖毒性的作用机制。方法:4周龄SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组,大黄水煎液0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0g/kg组(按生药计算),连续给药30d。取下丘脑、垂体,光镜观察下丘脑弓状核神经元、垂体促性腺细胞一般病理变化;透射电镜观察超微病理的变化;免疫组化-SP法检测大鼠下丘脑GnRH、垂体GnRH-R的表达水平。结果:(1)组织结构:与正常对照组相比,大黄水煎液各剂量组大鼠下丘脑、垂体均出现不同程度的病变,其中,下丘脑弓状核神经元出现染色质边际、染色质溶解、核中央透明区,可见红色神经元、鬼影细胞;垂体细胞整体数目减少,嗜酸性细胞增生,嗜碱性细胞减少,细胞排列不规则,血窦微扩张;2.0g/kg组电镜下可见下丘脑神经元胞质变少,核糖体、高尔基体消失、线粒体减少等;垂体促性腺细胞间隙增大、线粒体模糊、核不规则、异染色质增多、核膜模糊等。不同剂量间比较:2.0g/kg组病变最为严重,1.0g/kg组次之,0.5g/kg组较轻,0.25g/kg组病变不明显。(2)大黄0.5、1.0和2.0g/kg组GnRH和GnRH-R的表达水平显著低于正常对照组;0.25g/kg组GnRH和GnRH-R的表达水平与正常对照组比较无显著性差异。结论:长期灌胃较大剂量大黄水煎液可致幼年雌性大鼠下丘脑、垂体结构发生病理性改变、降低下丘脑和垂体的分泌功能,这可能是影响幼年雌性大鼠性器官发育及功能主要因素之一。Objective： To observe effect of Rheum palmatum L. decoction on tissue structure and function of secreting sex hormone of hypothalamus and pituitary of female young rats to explore the mechanisms of reproductive toxicity of Rheum palmatum L. Methods： SD rat with four weeks old were randomly divided to normal group,0. 25,0. 5,1. 0 and 2. 0 g / kg groups of Rheum palmatum L. decoction（ dosege was calculated according to crude drug）. The Rheum palmatum L. decoction was gave by intragastric administration into rats for 30 d. The blood was taken from the abdominal aorta and the levels of gonadotropin releasing hormone（ GnRH）,follicle stimulating hormone（ FSH）,luteinizing hormone（ LH）,estradiol（ E2）,progesterone（ P） in serum of rats were determined by Elasa methed. The rats were anatomized and removed the hypothalamus and pituitary. The general pathological change of the arcuate nucleus neurons of hypothalamus and gonadotropic cell of pituitary were observated by light microscope and the ultrastructure changes were observed by transmission electron microscope. Results：（ 1） Tissue structure： The hypothalamus and pituitary of rats in each dose group of Rheum palmatum L. decoction appeared different degrees of pathological changes,such as in neurons of hypothalamus the arcuate nucleus apeared the chromatin marginal,chromatolysis,nuclear central transparent region,red neurons and ghost cell. The overall decrease in the number of pituitary cells,eosinophilic hyperplasia,basophilic cells decreased,cells arranged in irregular,sinusoid micro expansion. Under electron microscope,The hypothalamus neurons of rats in 2. 0g / kg dose group of Rheum palmatum L. apeared cytoplasm decrease,ribosome and dictyosomes disappear,the mitochondrial reduction and in pituitary cell gap increased,Mitochondrial fuzzy,cell irregular nucleus,Heterochromatin increased and the nuclear membrane blurred. Compared between different dosage group： the lesions in 2. 0g / kg of Rheum palmatum L. group is most serious an

关 键 词：大黄 生殖毒性 下丘脑 垂体 弓状核 GNRH GnRH-R 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学]