2045名机车司机听力损失状况分析  

Study on Hearing Loss of 2045 Train Drivers

作　　者：荣欣[1] 吴林雄[2] 胡鼎[1] 赵永[2] 惠兆斌[1] 周梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]昆明铁路局疾病预防控制中心公共卫生与职业病科,云南昆明650011 [2]昆明医科大学公共卫生学院卫生事业管理与卫生经济系,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2016年第4期319-324,共6页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：昆明铁路局科技研究项目(编号:K14J30);昆明市科技计划(编号:2014-01-A-H-02-2032)

摘　　要：[目的]了解机车司机噪声性听力损失现状,分析听力损失的影响因素。[方法]对某铁路局机务段2 045名机车司机（分布于开远、昆明和广通地区）进行问卷调查、耳科常规检查和纯音听阈测试,并对机车司机值乘过程中接触的噪声声压级进行现场检测,根据司机实际接触时间计算周40 h等效声级。运用卡方检验分析听力损失差异,多因素二分类非条件logistic回归分析听力损失的影响因素。[结果]本次研究对象2 045人,均为男性,年龄（39.85±6.79）岁,工龄（18.00±11.00）年（M±QI）。双耳高频平均听阈≥40 d B者267人,占13.1%。职业性噪声聋121人,检出率5.9%;以轻度、中度为主,分别占噪声聋人数的85.1%、9.9%。logistic回归分析结果发现,现岗位工龄（OR=1.025,95%CI：1.000～1.050）为发生噪声聋的危险因素;开远地区机车司机发生噪声聋的危险性高于昆明地区（OR=2.016,95%CI：1.194～3.406）和广通地区（OR=2.858,95%CI：1.476～5.533）。[结论]该铁路局机务段机车司机听力损失状况较差,其影响因素是工作地区、现岗位工龄。[Objective] To investigate the status of hearing loss of train drivers and analyze related influencing factors. [Methods] A total of 2 045 train drivers from a locomotive depot of a railway bureau（covering Kaiyuan, Kunming, and Guangtong areas） were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire, otology routine examination, and pure tone audiometry. Sound pressure level in the workplace was measured to calculate the 40 h equivalent sound level（Leq40） based on actual working time every week. Chi-square test was used to analyze differences in hearing loss. Multivariate binary non-conditional logistic regression models were used to analyze related factors influencing hearing loss. [Results] All the study subjects were male（n=2 045）, with an average age of（39.85±6.79） years and an average working age of（18.00±11.00） years（M±QI）. The count of subjects with binaural high-frequency hearing threshold ≥40 d B was 267, accounting for 13.1% of the total. The positive rate of occupational noise-induced deafness was 5.9%（121 cases）; most of the hearing injuries were minor（85.1%） or moderate（9.9%） level. The results of multivariate binary non-conditional logistic regression model indicated that working age（OR=1.025, 95%CI： 1.000-1.050） was a risk factor for noise-induced deafness; the risk for train drivers being noise-induced deafness in Kaiyuan was higher than that for drivers in Kunming（OR=2.016, 95%CI： 1.194-3.406） and Guangtong（OR=2.858, 95%CI： 1.476-5.533）. [Conclusion] Serious hearing loss conditions of train drivers are identified in the study, which are influenced by working area and working age.

关 键 词：机车司机 听力损失 横断面调查 相关因素 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]