银川市郊温室蔬菜和土壤中氨基甲酸酯类残留及种植者健康的现况研究  

A Cross-Sectional Survey on Carbamate Residues in Greenhouse Vegetables and Soil and Relevant Health Impact on Growers in Suburban Areas in Yinchuan

作　　者：吴冰[1] 朱玲勤[1] 周健[1] 孙健[2] 纪文武[1] 田大年[1] 杨惠芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,宁夏回族自治区银川750004 [2]银川市疾病预防控制中心传染病防治与免疫规划科,宁夏回族自治区银川750004

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2016年第4期356-360,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:81460490)

摘　　要：[目的]了解银川市郊温室蔬菜和土壤中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留水平及其与种植者自评健康状况的关联。[方法]对银川市郊某镇蔬菜温室园区随机抽取35座蔬菜温室,以五点采样法对蔬菜和土壤进行采样,用高效液相色谱荧光检测法进行7种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的检测。选择该镇居住5年以上的非流动人口,以是否从事温室作业且使用农药的情况分为农药暴露组310人与对照组143人,进行自觉症状问卷调查。[结果]温室35份蔬菜样品中氨基甲酸酯类农药检出率为25.71%,35份土壤样品中检出率为65.71%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=11.283,P<0.05);不同蔬菜间氨基甲酸酯类农药的检出率差异具有统计学意义(P=0.006);克百威与甲萘威在土壤与蔬菜样品中的残留量呈线性回归关系(b=1.905和0.339,均P<0.05)。问卷自觉症状中咳嗽、头晕等7项结果暴露组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。[结论]银川市郊温室中部分蔬菜与土壤中存在氨基甲酸酯类农药残留;温室作业人员自觉症状报告率明显高于对照人群。[Objective] To evaluate the level of carbamate pesticide residues in greenhouse vegetables and soil, as well as its association with self-reported health conditions of growers in Yinchuan suburban areas. [Methods] Thirty-five greenhouses were randomly selected from a vegetable greenhouse park in a town in Yinchuan. Soil and vegetable samples were collected by five-spot sampling method and detected for seven carbamate pesticide residues using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence assay. Local residents who had lived more than five years in the town were divided into pesticide exposure group（n=310） and control group（n=143） by if they engaged in greenhouse operations and if they used pesticides. A self-conscious symptom questionnaire survey was also conducted. [Results] The detection rate of carbamate pesticides was 25.71% in the 35 greenhouse vegetable samples and 65.71% in the 35 soil samples（χ2=11.283, P〈0.05）. Statistically significant differences were found in the detection rates of carbamate pesticides among selected vegetables（P=0.006）. The residues of both carbofuran and carbaryl showed a linear regression relationship between soil and vegetable samples（b=1.905 or 0.339, both Ps〈0.05）. According to the results of the self-conscious symptom questionnaire, the reporting rates of seven items such as cough and dizziness were higher in the exposed group than in the control group（all Ps〈0.05）. [Conclusion] Carbamate pesticide residues exist in greenhouse vegetables and soil in Yinchuan suburban areas. In addition, a higher self-conscious symptom reporting rate is found in the greenhouse workers than in the control group.

关 键 词：温室 氨基甲酸酯类 蔬菜 土壤 自觉症状 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]