燃煤排放可吸入颗粒物中微量元素的分布特征  

Distribution of trace elements in inhalable particulate matter emitted from coal burning

作　　者：侯聪[1] 邵龙义[1] 王静[2] 刘君霞 赵承美[1] 耿春梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]中国循环经济协会,北京100037

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2016年第3期760-768,共9页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资助项目(2013CB228503);国家自然科学基金重大国际合作资助项目(41571130031)

摘　　要：燃煤排放被认为是大气颗粒物的主要来源之一,通过燃烧—稀释系统对采自织金、大同、东胜、银川、京西等地区的煤进行燃烧实验,采用ICP-MS(电感耦合等离子体质谱)研究燃煤排放的颗粒物中微量元素分布特征。结果表明,燃煤排放颗粒物主要富集Zn,Fe,Rb,Pb,Cu,Cr,Ti,Mn,Ba,Ni,As等微量元素,在颗粒物的水溶性组分中主要富集Zn,Rb,Pb,Cu,Ti,As,Ni等微量元素。微量元素Cs,Rb,Cd,Tl,Sb,Zn的水溶态组分在对应的微量元素总量中占比较高,说明这些元素主要以水可溶态的形式存在于燃煤排放的大气颗粒物中,而Fe在水溶组分中没有检测到,说明Fe主要以水不溶态存在于燃煤排放的大气颗粒物中。燃煤排放的颗粒物中的稀土元素以Sc,Ce,Nd,La为主。5种不同的煤燃烧排放PM10中微量元素的总量表现为:银川煤>织金煤>京西煤>大同煤>东胜煤,其中银川煤和京西煤燃烧排放PM10中微量元素总量较高的原因主要与其原煤的灰分含量较高有关,而织金煤燃烧排放PM10中微量元素的总量较高,主要与其原煤中的硫分较高有关。Coal burning emission is one of the major sources of the airborne particles in northern China. In this paper,the trace elements in coal-burning derived inhalable particulate matters（PM10） collected from a combustion-dilutionsystem in laboratory were studied by the ICP-MS（Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry）. The raw coals werecollected from the coal mines of Zhijin,Datong,Dongsheng,Yinchuan,and Jingxi areas. The results indicate that Zn,Fe,Rb,Pb,Cu,Cr,Ti,Mn,Ba,Ni,As are enriched,in descending order,in the whole sample of coal-burning derivedPM10,and the water-soluble trace elements are mainly Zn,Rb,Pb,Cu,Ti,As,Ni in descending order of contents inPM10. The percentages of the water-soluble Cs,Rb,Cd,Tl,Sb,Zn in the total individual trace elements are relativelyhigh,which indicate that these elements exist mostly as water-soluble state in coal-burning derived PM10. Interestingly,Fe is not detected in the water-soluble fraction of PM10,indicating that Fe existed mainly as insoluble state in the coal-burning derived PM10. The rare earth elements in PM10 emitted from coal burning are dominated by Sc,Ce,Nd andLa. The contents of the total analyzed trace elements（TATE） are highest in the PM10 emitted fromburning the Yin-chuan coal,followed by the PM10 s from burning the Zhijin,Jingxi,Datong,and Dongsheng coals in descending order.The higher levels of the TATE in PM10 emitted from burning the Yinchuan and Jingxi coals are due to the high ashcontents in the raw coals,and the higher levels of TATE in the PM10 emitted from burning the Zhijin coal are attributedto the high sulfur content in the raw coal.

关 键 词：燃煤排放 可吸入颗粒物 微量元素 分布特征 ICP—MS 

分 类 号：TQ534[化学工程—煤化学工程] X773[环境科学与工程—环境工程]