浅谈老年患者围术期的麻醉管理  

On perioperative anesthesia management for elderly patients

作　　者：孔令杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市水阁医院麻醉科,天津300120

出　　处：《中国城乡企业卫生》2016年第3期21-23,共3页Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene

摘　　要：2014年中国60岁及以上老年人口已超过2亿,预计到2025年将达3亿,2042年老年人口比例将超过总人口的30%。同时老年患者占所有外科手术患者的比例也日益增加,而且年龄也日益增高。随着年龄的增加,机体组织形态和脏器功能不断发生退行性变化,特别是心血管系统和呼吸系统的储备功能下降,老年患者往往不易耐受麻醉和手术的应激反应,容易出现一些并发症,甚至死亡。对老年患者进行充分的术前评估和术前准备、更准确的临床监护,制定良好的手术方案,正确选择手术时机、麻醉方式和麻醉药物,术后感染预防和及时有效的治疗,严格的围术期管理,才能更好的提高老年患者手术和麻醉安全性,降低并发症和死亡率。本文就老年患者的病生理改变、术前评估、术中和术后的麻醉管理作一综述。In 2014, China＇s elderly population aged 60 and over has more than 200 million, is expected in2025 to reach 300 million, in 2042 the proportion of elderly population will exceed 30% of the total population, elderly patients accounted for all surgical patients is also increasing, but also increasingly higher ages. With increasing age, body shape and organ tissue degenerative changes continue to occur,especially in the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system reserves decline, elderly patients are often difficult to tolerate anesthesia and surgical stress response, prone to some concurrency disease and even death. Elderly patients adequate preoperative assessment and preoperative preparation, more accurate clinical care, developing good surgical program, the correct choice of timing of surgery,anesthesia and narcotic drugs, prevention and treatment of postoperative infection timely and effective,strict perioperative Management, in order to better improve surgical anesthesia in elderly patients and safety, reduce morbidity and mortality. In this paper, physiological changes now ill elderly patients, the preoperative assessment, intraoperative and postoperative anesthesia management have been reviewed.

关 键 词：老年患者 围术期 麻醉 

分 类 号：R4[医药卫生—临床医学]