中国稻田土壤基础地力的时空演变特征  

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Basic Soil Productivity in China

作　　者：李建军[1,2] 徐明岗[1] 辛景树[3] 段建军[4] 任意[3] 李冬初[1] 黄晶[1] 申华平[1] 张会民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081 [2]贵州财经大学,贵阳550025 [3]全国农技推广服务中心,北京100026 [4]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2016年第8期1510-1519,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家“973”计划(2011CB100501);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030);粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B15)

摘　　要：【目的】探明1988年以来中国粮食主产区稻田土壤基础地力的差异与时空演变特征,为地力提升和实现水稻的稳产高产提供科学的施肥依据。【方法】结合水稻土实际情况,并参考生产力模型、土壤质量系数模型等修正得出土壤生产力指数模型(PI)和土壤基础地力指数模型(BPI)的计算公式并验证,同时以全国水稻土监测数据资料为基础,将统计所得的各肥力指标和权重因子采用数值归一化处理,运用土壤生产力指数模型和土壤基础地力指数模型方法综合分析;并进一步与产量和基础地力贡献率相结合验证,从而定量地分析出中国粮食主产区间稻田土壤基础地力的高低差异和时空演变特征。【结果】1988—2012年间,长江中下游、东北、西南以及华南4个区域稻田土壤基础地力BPI值(P<0.05)与土壤生产力PI值(P<0.01)均呈显著上升趋势。其中,长江中下游区的BPI值增幅最大,从0.031上升至0.108,增幅为248.4%,其次为华南区,从0.127上升至0.289,增幅为128.0%,东北区的BPI值到2012年为止,增幅为71.7%,西南区BPI值从0.028上升至0.046,增幅为65.8%;而长江中下游区、东北区、西南区和华南区土壤生产力水平(PI值)平均每年分别升高0.0015、0.0042、0.0022和0.0113。各大区稻田土壤基础地力(BPI值)与相对应的施肥区产量之间存在显著正相关关系(P<0.05),即各施肥区水稻产量随着稻田土壤基础地力的提升而呈增加趋势,即土壤基础地力的提升可以实现土壤生产力的提高。25年来4大区稻田土壤基础地力水平(BSPI值)以长江中下游区为最高,华南区土壤基础地力最低,而西南区略高于华南区,但二者差异较小;而最近10年(2003—2012年)间,长江中下游区的BSPI值也明显高于其他3区,西南区土壤基础地力水平最低,东北区与华南区无明显差异;并且区域间BSPI值的变化趋势与土壤基础地力产量的变化趋势相吻合。【结论】�【Objective】The objective of this paper is to study the differences of basic soil productivity and spatial and temporal characteristics of national paddy soil in the main grain production regions of China from the Ministry of Agriculture since 1988, provide a scientific basis of fertilization for the improvement of soil fertility and rice high yield. 【Method】Combined with the actual situation of soil, and the reference model of productivity, soil quality and other correction coefficient model derived soil productivity index model（PI） and was calculated based soil fertility index model（BPI） and verification. At the same time, the national paddy soil monitoring data was used as basis, each fertility index and weight statistics resulting weighting factor were normalized by numerical normalization. PI and BPI indexes were used for comprehensive analysis, and further verified with the yield and contribution proportion of basic soil productivity phase, thereby the differences and spatial and temporal characteristics of the basic soil productivity were quantitatively analyzed. 【Result】From 1988 to 2012, both the BPI values（P〈0.05） and PI values（P〈0.01） showed significant increasing trends in the districts of Yangtze River, Northeast China, Southwest China, and South China. There were significant positive correlations（P〈0.05） between BPI values and fertilization yields. The BPI values in the Yangtze River region increased from 0.031 to 0.108 with the largest increasing percentage of 248.4%, followed by the BPI value in the Southern China increased from 0.127 to 0.289 with an increase of 128.0%, and that in the Northeast China and Southwest China with increase of 71.7% and 65.8%, respectively, during the past 25 years. Rice yield with fertilization of each area with the enhancement of basic soil productivity of paddy showed an increasing trend. The basic soil productivity levels（BSPI value） in Yangtze River region were significantly higher than that in the other three areas. The BS

关 键 词：土壤基础地力 粮食主产区 时空特征 指数模型 

分 类 号：S159[农业科学—土壤学]