三种菌剂在兔粪菌渣高温堆肥中的应用效果研究  

Application of Three Kinds of Microbial Agent in High-temperature Composting of Rabbit Manure

作　　者：文斌[1] 郭小林[1] 傅祥超[1] 刘宁[1] 白林[2] 刘汉中[1] 汪平[1] 熊智斌[2] 张凯[1] 肖冰雪[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省草原科学研究院,四川成都611731 [2]四川农业大学动物科技学院,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《草业与畜牧》2016年第2期43-51,共9页Pruataculture & Animal Husbandry

基　　金：科技厅基本科研业务项目━兔粪有机肥生产技术研究资助

摘　　要：为了提高兔粪资源化利用效率,减少堆肥时间,提高有机肥生产效率和质量,为规模化兔场的兔粪处理提供技术储备,以兔粪、菌渣为原料进行高温堆肥。设置3个试验组和1个对照组,分别使用3种菌剂进行处理,研究了不同菌剂对兔粪菌渣高温堆肥过程中的物理、化学指标变化产生的影响。结果表明:试验组与对照组的堆体温度均达到正常发酵温度,且堆体温度高于50℃的天数大于14天。能够有效地杀死致病菌、蛔虫卵和杂草种子,达到了兔粪无害化处理的目的。堆肥结束后,有机质含量均高于45%,满足有机肥标准中对有机质的要求。但是C/N过高,腐熟程度不高,且总养分含量低于我国有机肥标准,需进行二次堆肥提高腐熟度,增加物料中总养分的质量分数。兔粪与菌渣混合堆肥,能降低物料中Cu、Zn的含量,且辅料添加量越大,Cu、Zn含量降低幅度越大。添加菌剂均能提高堆体高温期温度,延长高温期持续时间,提高堆肥质量,但不能缩短堆肥时间,所以在兔粪堆肥中添加菌剂意义不大。In order to improve the utilization efficiency of rabbit manure resources, reduce the compost time, enhance the utilization efficiency of organic fertilizer and provide theoretical basis for rabbit manure composting treatment on large rabbit farms, microbial agent,mushroom residue and rabbit manure were used as the auxiliary materials in the high-temperature composting. Three trial groups and one control groups were set up respectively, using three types of bacteria for processing of different agents on rabbit fecal residue composting process in physical and chemical changes produced. The results were as follows： Trial group and control group both arrived at the normal fermentation temperature in compositing process and high temperature period（≥50℃） last for more than 15 days, which met to sanitary standard for the Non-hazardous Treatment of Manure by killing pathogenic bacterium, ova of roundworm and weed seeds effectively.Organic matter in each group showed up trend in the composting process and the end of compost organic matter were more than 45%.However, C/N was at a high level and the level of compost maturity was not high enough. The mass fraction of total nutrient was on a low side which required secondary compost so as to increase it. The content of Zn and Cu of compost piles could be reduced by mushroom residue and rabbit manure composing. Furthermore, the more proportion auxiliary material held, the lower content of Zn and Cu had in compost piles. The influence on reducing heating up time by adding microbial agents was not distinct because of the short heating up time.Therefore, adding extra microbial agents could raise the temperature of high temperature period of compost piles, prolong the lasting time of high temperature period and enhance the quality of compost except reduce the composting time.

关 键 词：兔粪 高温堆肥 菌渣 微生物菌剂 

分 类 号：S829.1[农业科学—畜牧学]