机构地区:[1]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制处传染病监测预警中国疾病预防控制中心重点实验室,北京102206 [2]浙江大学医学院附属第一医院检验科 [3]武汉大学病毒学国家重点实验室
出 处:《中华预防医学杂志》2016年第4期302-305,共4页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
基 金:国家科技重大专项(2012ZX10004-201);国家科技支撑计划(2014BA13B05)
摘 要:目的 分析2005—2014年中国疟疾死亡病例特点,为制定针对性措施,减少死亡病例发生提供依据。方法 在全国疾病监测信息报告管理系统中,收集2005—2014年的疟疾个案数据(包括人口学特征、临床与实验室病例分类、空间分布、诊断和报告情况等信息),在寄生虫病防治信息管理系统中按发病日期收集2011—2014年疟疾病例的流行病学个案调查数据(含病例临床表现及输入和本地病例感染来源等信息),分析疟疾死亡病例的人口学、临床表现、空间分布、诊断和报告情况、感染来源等特征。本研究不包括中国香港、澳门、台湾以及外籍病例。结果 2005—2014年我国共报告疟疾死亡病例228例,其中恶性疟203例(89.0%),间日疟13例(5.7%),三日疟1例(0.5%),未分型疟疾11例(4.8%)。死亡病例有48例(81.4%)出现严重并发症,包括脑损害、休克、严重肝肾损害、溶血等。启动国家疟疾消除计划以前(2005—2010年),死亡病例主要分布在云南(78例,56.1%)、四川(13例,9.4%)、河南(7例,5.0%)、山东(6例,4.3%)和浙江(5例,3.6%);2011—2014年,启动国家疟疾消除计划后,死亡病例以输入病例为主,主要分布在河南(10例,11.2%)、四川(9例,10.1%)、山东(8例,9.0%)、江苏(7例,7.9%)和湖南(7例,7.9%),但也有9例(10.0%)死亡病例报告地来自于北京、内蒙古、吉林、宁夏等非疟疾流行区。死亡病例发病至诊断时间P50 (P25~P75)为5.5(3.0~8.5)d,长于非死亡病例发病至诊断时间[3.0(2.0~6.0) d]。2011—2014年,死亡病例发病至诊断时间P50(P25~P75)为6.0(4.0~9.0)d,长于2005—2010年死亡病例的发病至诊断时间[5.0(3.0~9.0) d]。2011—2014年,在输入死亡病例中,77例(90.6%)的输入国来自非洲,8例(9.4%)的输入国来自东南亚。结论 2005-2014年,�Objective To explore the epidemiological features of deaths of malaria from 2005 to 2014, so as to provide the evidence for subsequently more effective strategic planning of malaria elimination in China.Methods The data of individual malaria cases (including probable and confirmed cases, population data, geographic distribution, diagnosis and reporting information) were obtained from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System from 2005 to 2014 and the epidemiological investigation information (including the clinical systems and the imported and indigenous cases) was extracted from Parasite Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2011 to 2014. All of the data didn't include Hongkong, Macao, Taiwan and foreign cases. The population characteristics, clinical systems, geographic distribution, diagnosis and reporting and sources of infections of deaths were analyzed.Results From 2005 to 2014, a total of 228 deaths of malaria were reported, with 203 (89.0%) of P. falciparum malaria, 13 (5.7%) of P. vivax malaria, 1 (0.5%) of P. malariae malaria and 11(4.8%) other cases. The fatality rate of malaria increased since 2010. Among the deaths, 48 (81.4% ) had serious complications, which included cerebral lesion, coma, severe renal and hepatic injuries and hemolysis and so on. In 2005-2010, the geographical distribution of malaria deaths was mainly in Yunnan (78 deaths, 56.1%), Sichuan (13 deaths, 9.4%), Henan (7 deaths, 5.0%), Shandong (6 deaths, 4.3%) and Zhejiang (5 deaths, 3.6%) province. However, since the initiation of malaria elimination program in 2010, the areas with malaria deaths have changed, which mainly distributed in Henan (10 deaths, 11.2%), Sichuan (9 deaths, 10.1%), Shandong (8 deaths, 9.0%), Jiangsu (7 deaths, 7.9%) and Hunan province (7 deaths, 7.9%). Besides there were nine deaths (10.0%) reported in non-endemic areas of malaria (Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and Ningxia) in 2011-20
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