^(15)N示踪不同施氮量对超级稻产量形成及氮素吸收的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield Formation and the Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Super Rice Based on ^(15)N-tracing

作　　者：魏颖娟[1] 夏冰[1] 赵杨[1] 邹应斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《核农学报》2016年第4期783-791,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家水稻产业技术体系栽培与土肥岗位专家项目(CARS-01-34);热带;亚热带气候条件下氮素利用效率的基因型差异研究项目(2012FJ6118)

摘　　要：为探讨施氮量对超级稻产量、光合作用以及氮肥利用率的影响,以杂交稻品种两优培九、Y两优1号,常规稻品种玉香油占、黄花占为材料,采用15N示踪法进行了5种施氮量处理的大田盆栽试验。结果表明,增加施氮量提高了SPAD值和光合速率,品种间表现一致。拔节期以后,SPAD值呈现高-低-高的变化趋势,叶片光合速率品种间有差异,杂交稻呈线性下降变化趋势,常规稻呈线性下降后略有回升。随施氮量增加,稻草中氮素含量杂交稻比常规稻低,分别为0.72%~0.78%和0.59%~0.61%;而稻谷中差异不显著。供试品种的产量、氮肥利用率对施氮量的反应分别表现为先增后稳和先增后减的非线性变化趋势,其中以施氮量为150 kg·hm-2处理的氮素利用率最高,杂交稻为33.9%~34.6%,常规稻为33.8%~34.2%,但杂交稻产量显著高于常规稻,平均增产16.4%。可见,随施氮量增加,杂交稻更多的将稻草中的氮素通过光合作用转移到稻谷中,常规稻则是将更多的营养积累在稻草中。本研究为杂交稻高产与氮高效协调栽培提供了理论依据。In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen application on super rice yield,photosynthetic characteristics and recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer.A pot-cultured experiment with hybrid rice,Liangyoupeijiu,and inbred rice,Yliangyou1 hao,Yuxiangyouzhan and Huanghuazhan was conducted by using15 N isotope tracing.The results revealed that SPAD value and photosynthetic rate increased with the increase of nitrogen rate,of which varieties was consistent.After the jointing stage,SPAD values appeared as the changing trend of the high-low-high,changing trend of photosynthetic rate was different between varieties,of which hybrid rice linearly decreased and inbred rice showed firstly linear decline and then slightly rebounded.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,content of nitrogen in the straw of hybrid rice was lower than that of inbred rice,of which they were 0.72% ～ 0.78% and 0.59% ～ 0.61%,respectively; but no differences between hybrid rice and inbred rice were found in the grains.Meanwhile,the grain yield was performed the increase stability and the recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer were performed nonlinear change trend.The recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer with 150 kg·hm^-2treatment were the highest among all treatments,hybrid rice was33.9% to 34.6% and inbred rice was 33.8% to 34.2%.And the yield of hybrid rice is significantly 16.4% higher than that of inbred rice.It is concluded that,with the increase of nitrogen rate,hybrid rice could transfer the nitrogen from the straw into the grains through photosynthesis,while the inbred rice accumulate the nutrient in the straw.The findings could provide the cultivation theoretical basis of the coordination of nitrogen efficient and hybrid high-yield.

关 键 词：^15N示踪 产量 光合速率 氮肥利用率 水稻 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]