基于信息利用的解说受众类型及解说需求研究——以北京植物园为例  

The Types of Interpretive Audiences and Their Demands Based on the Use of Interpretation: A Case Study on Beijing Botanical Garden

作　　者：梁萍[1] 张茵[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第1期46-50,共5页Journal of Beijing Forestry University ：Social Sciences

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(TD2011-33);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAJ24B05)

摘　　要：解说需求研究是构建及优化景区旅游解说系统的基础。从解说受众角度研究解说需求以优化解说系统,能更有效地将环境知识传达给受众,从而激发受众尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的意识。采用问卷调查法,探讨了北京植物园解说受众的类型及其解说需求。对于解说受众类型,以Stewart等人提出的4类解说受众,即信息搜寻者、信息受阻者、信息从属者和信息避让者为依据,通过调查得出北京植物园解说受众近1/2为信息搜寻者,约1/3为信息受阻者,信息从属者和信息避让者占比例最少。与此同时,从解说媒介、解说内容和解说活动3方面对北京植物园不同解说受众的解说需求及其需求差异进行了系统的研究。结合不同受众的解说需求与北京植物园解说系统现状,有针对性地提出了解说系统优化建议。The research on interpretive demand is the basis of building and optimizing the interpretive systems in tourist attractions. Studying interpretive demands from the point of interpretive audiences ＇demands for the optimization of interpretive systems would be more effectively communicate environmental knowledge to them,therefore inspiring them to respect nature,comply with nature and protect nature.Adopting questionnaire survey,the study made an analysis of the types of interpretive audiences and their interpretive demands in Beijing Botanical Garden. Regarding the types of interpretive audiences,there are 4 types of interpretive audiences according to the definition by Stewart in 1998,i. e.,they are Seekers,Stumblers,Shadowers and Shunners. After surveying in Beijing Botanical Garden,about 1 /2 of them were Seekers,and approximate 1 /3 of them were Stumblers,and the proportion of Shadowers and Shunners was the smallest. Concurrently, the interpretive demands and differential demands from different interpretive audiences in Beijing Botanical Garden were systematically studied from 3 aspects of interpretive media,interpretive contents and interpretive activities. Finally,combing the current situation of interpretive demands from different types of audiences and the interpretive system in Beijing Botanical Garden,the targeted suggestions about optimizing the interpretive system are put forward.

关 键 词：解说受众 解说需求 解说媒介 解说内容 解说活动 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理]