草鱼-鲢-鲤混养生态系统的EwE模型分析  

Modeling Analysis of the Strueture of Grass Carp-Silver Carp-Common Carp Polycultured Pond Ecosystem

作　　者：周波[1,2] 董双林[1] 王芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]四川省农业科学院水产研究所,四川宜宾644003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第4期28-36,共9页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究计划项目(2009CB118706);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2014CM042)资助~~

摘　　要：采用EwE模型软件,构建了一个具有14个生物功能组的草鱼、鲢和鲤混养生态系统EwE模型,对草鱼、鲢和鲤混养生态系统的结构和功能进行综合量化分析。研究表明,草鱼、鲢和鲤混养生态系统主要由3个营养级构成。从营养物质流量看,营养级Ⅰ流量最大,占系统总流量(TST)的56.90%;营养级Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ的流量随营养级的增加而递减,分别占总流量的34.45%、8.20%、0.44%和0.003%。食物网和营养级之间营养流动分析表明,系统营养流通的主要途径为从浮游植物开始的牧食链、从碎屑开始的腐食链和从饲料开始的饲料链。从生态营养学效率(EE值)看,除螺类的EE值为零外,大部分功能组的EE值都较高,表明系统中大部分功能组都得到了较好的利用。碎屑在草鱼、鲢和鲤混养生态系统中具有十分重要的作用,其主要来源是细菌、原生动物和浮游植物,且碎屑的EE值较高(水中为0.903,底泥为0.551),表明大部分碎屑重新进入食物链循环,碎屑得到了再利用。研究结果表明,草鱼、鲢和鲤混养的模式可以进一步优化,建议增加放养鱼类的密度,同时引进一些其他鱼类(如青鱼和鳙鱼),以提高系统的综合效益。A grass carp,silver carp and common carp polyculture pond ecosystem was described using an Ecopath with Ecosim（EwE）model,aiming to characterize trophic structure,the interaction among ecological groups and assess the efficiency of pond ecosystem.Fourteen functional groups were incorporated into the model.The results indicated that this polyculture pond ecosystem was mainly composed of 3aggregated trophic levels.The trophic flow analysis suggested that the trophic flow of trophic levelⅠ was up to 56.90% of the total system throughput（TST）,and the trophic flow from trophic levelⅡto trophic levelⅤ decreased with the increase of the trophic level,34.45%for trophic levelⅡ,8.20%for trophic levelⅢ,0.44%for trophic levelⅣand 0.003%for trophic levelⅤ.The main way of the trophic flow in grass carp-silver carp-common carp polyculture pond ecosystem included pastoral food chain（starting from phytoplankton）,rotten food chain（starting from detritus）and feed chain（starting from feed）.The ecotrophic efficiency（EE）of most functional groups were relatively high（exception for gastropoda,the EE was nil）,implying a high efficiency of the ecosystem.Detritus plays an important role in the ecosystem;its main source was bacteria,protozoa and phytoplankton.The EEof detritus was relatively high（0.903 for detritus in water,0.551 for detritus in sediment）,indicating most of detritus consumed and passed up the food web.Therefore,we propose to increase the density of culture species in and introduce other fish species（such as bighead carp and black carp）into the pondfor optimizing the structure in order to exploit the potential productivity of the culture pond system and increase overall efficiency.

关 键 词：生态系统 草鱼 鲢 鲤 EwE模型 混养 

分 类 号：S964.3[农业科学—水产养殖]