汞暴露与小学生神经行为功能相关性的研究  

Relationship between mercury exposure and neurobehavioral function among schoolchildren

作　　者：田霖[1] 梁凤超[1] 陈实[1] 刘俊含[2] 金晓滨[1] Kim Dae-seon 王旭英[1] 胥美美[1] 许伟[1] 潘小川[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京100191 [2]北京医院老年医学部 [3]韩国国立环境科学研究院

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2015年第12期1035-1041,共7页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：中韩环境科技合作项目

摘　　要：目的探讨工业污染地区小学生的汞暴露水平和神经行为功能之间的关系,分析影响汞暴露与神经行为功能的因素。方法于2012—2014年选取位于我国不同方位的6个地区（河北省肃宁县、甘肃省兰州市、辽宁省铁岭市、广西壮族自治区南宁市、河南省新乡市和宁夏回族自治区石嘴山市）作为研究地点,选取共1 013名年龄在8～12岁之间的小学生作为研究对象,收集研究对象的即时尿样和头发样品检测汞含量,采用神经行为测试评价系统（NES）和平衡测试评价研究对象的神经行为功能,并采用问卷调查的方式收集研究对象的年龄、性别、家庭情况、饮食情况等基本信息。结果研究对象的发汞和尿肌酐调整的尿汞水平呈正相关（rs=0.211,P〈0.01）。在汞暴露影响因素的logistic回归分析中,每周食用肉类频次较多的儿童具有较高尿汞水平的风险（OR=1.855,95%CI：1.168～2.950）和较高发汞水平的风险（OR=2.309,95%CI：1.214～4.392）。具有较高发汞水平的风险也与每周食用稻米频次呈正向关联（OR=1.755,95%CI：1.101～2.798）。在神经行为功能影响因素的logistic回归分析中,发汞水平较高的研究对象其震颤强度有增加的风险（OR=2.086,95%CI：0.956～4.555）,左手平均反应时间有延长的风险（OR=1.561,95%CI：0.930～2.620）,尿汞水平较高的研究对象其右手震颤中心频率有增加的风险（OR=1.151,95%CI：1.000～1.323）。结论食用稻米较多的研究对象倾向于具有较高的发汞水平,体内汞水平较高可能影响神经行为功能。Objective To explore mercury exposure level of the schoolchildren in the industrial areas and seek the relationship between mercury exposure and the neurobehavioral function of the exposed subjects in China. Methods Lanzhou, Tieling,Nanning, Xinxiang, Shizuishan city and Suning county, which located in different geographical regions of China were selected as the study field during 2012-2014. A total of 1 013 schoolchildren aged 8-12 years old participated in the study. Instant urine samples and hair samples of the subjects were collected for mercury exposure assessment. Neurobehavioral evaluate system（NES） test and Catsys system test（Balance test） were applied for evaluating the neurobehavioral functions and a health questionnaire for the information on the related confounders was filled out by the parents of the subjects after guided by investigators. Spearman correlation was used for the primary statistics analysis. Odds ratios（ORs） and 95%CIs for the risk were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. Results The positive correlations was found between the hair and urinary mercury levels of the subjects（the correlation coefficient was 0.211, P〈0.01）. The schoolchildren eating more meat per week seems to have higher levels of urinary mercury（OR=1.855, 95%CI： 1.168-2.950） and hair mercury（OR： 2.309, 95%CI： 1.214-4.392）. The urinary mercury level was also statistically associated with rice intake frequency（OR=1.755, 95%CI： 1.101-2.798）.The subject children with more hair mercury had worse values of tremor intensity（OR =2.086, 95% CI： 0.956-4.555） and average reaction time（OR=1.561, 95%CI： 0.930-2.620） with left hand in the neurobehavioral test. The ones with more urinary mercury had worse values of tremor center frequency with right hand（OR=1.151, 95%CI： 1.000-1.323）. Conclusion Subjects with more rice consumption tend to get higher mercury exposure, which may be associated with the neurobehavioral function of the subjects.

关 键 词：汞 暴露 神经行为功能 小学生 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]