农村饮用水中多环芳烃的致癌风险评价  

Carcinogenic risk assessment on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some rural drinking water

作　　者：贾成俊[1,2] 赵淑莉[1] 翟超英[1] 阴琨[1] 郭辰[3] 王先良[3] 林少彬[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境监测总站,北京100012 [2]广州市环境监测中心站 [3]中国环境科学研究院 [4]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2015年第12期1087-1091,共5页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：环境保护部环保公益性行业科研专项(201309045)

摘　　要：目的了解农村饮用水中多环芳烃的致癌风险。方法于2014年丰水期在淮河安徽段某区域农村12个地下饮用水水源采集水样,以固相萃取-高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测水中8种致癌性多环芳烃[苯并(a)蒽、■、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)芘和茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘]的浓度,应用美国环保局(EPA)的健康风险评价方法评价致癌风险,采用SOS/umu试验检测水样遗传毒性并计算致癌风险;同时选择该区域3条河流,各采集1个水样进行对比。结果水中8种致癌性多环芳烃的总浓度为6.34~15.33 ng/L,除茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘未检出外,其余7种多环芳烃有不同程度(0.31~5.57ng/L)的检出,但均未超过GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》和GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》的限值。依据美国EPA的健康风险评价方法,15个采样点水样的多环芳烃致癌风险均在10^(-7)水平,2个地表水采样点水样的致癌风险接近10^(-6)的水平,存在潜在的致癌风险。SOS/umu试验显示,除1个地表水采样点的致癌风险在10^(-6)水平外,其余14个采样点的致癌风险均在10^(-7)水平。结论本次调查的农村饮用水中PAHs的浓度较低,致癌风险不明显,但当地地表水的潜在致癌风险应该引起关注。Objective To explore carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） in some rural drinking water.Methods Water samples were sampled from 12 sites of groundwater used as drinking water sources in a rural area of An ＇hui section of Huaihe River basin in high flow period in 2014, and were determined for eight carcinogenic PAHs, such as Baa, Chr,Bbf, Bkf, Bap, Daa, Bgp and Inp, by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）, the health risk assessment methods of US EPA was applied to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of the region ＇s water, SOS/umu test also was used to evaluate genotoxicity and carcinogenic risk of water samples.Three surface water samples were sampled from three rivers in this area for analysis and comparison. Results The total concentrations of eight carcinogenic PAHs were among 6.34-15.33 ng/L,in addition Inp was not detected, the remaining seven PAHs had varying degrees（0.31-5.57 ng/L）, but all of which did not exceed the standard limits in GB 5749-2006 Standards for Drinking Water Quality and GB 3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water. The health risk assessment based on EPA method showed that carcinogenic risk for all of 15 sampling points were about 10-7, for two surface water sampling point had tended to 10-6. SOS / umu genotoxicity test showed that carcinogenic risk was about 10-6 for one surface water sampling point, 10-7 for the remaining 14 sampling points.Conclusion The levels of eight PAHs in the investigated water samples are lower, and show no obvious carcinogenic risk to human health through drinking water, but some surface water samples show potential carcinogenic risk which should be paid more attention to.

关 键 词：多环芳烃 农村 饮用水 地下水 地表水 致癌风险 SOS/umu试验 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学]