采收时红富士苹果果实大小早期预测的研究  

Early Stage Forecast of Fruit Size for 'Fuji' Apples at Harvesting

作　　者：李绍华[1] 宋国庆[1] 刘国杰[1] 孟昭清[1] 余克顺[1] 祝军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学果树系,北京100094

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2002年第8期964-968,共5页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"八五"攻关课题 ( 95 0 6 0 1 0 4)

摘　　要：连续 3个生长季跟踪观测了 35株成年红富士苹果树的果实生长发育状况 ,以早期预测采收时果实大小为目标进行相关分析。结果表明 ,无论是在早期 (盛花后 30～ 5 0d)还是中期 (盛花后 6 0～ 12 0d) ,红富士苹果幼果的日平均生长量 (横径、干重、鲜重或体积的日增长量 ) ,与采收时果实大小呈极显著正相关关系 ,相关程度远高于该段时期内果实相对生长量或某一时刻观测的幼果大小与采收时果实大小的相关程度。采用早期和中期不同预测指标的相关方程 ,预测 1994～ 1996年各年采收时果实大小的结果与田间实测结果进行比较 ,以盛花后 30～ 5 0d果实横径的日平均生长量作为预测指标 ,根据预测指标与采收时对应果实横径之间的线性回归方程 y =15 3.5 71x +73.492获得的预测结果优于其它早中期预测指标 ,且无论是单株树果实平均大小的预测值还是不同树势的树的果实大小预测值 ,与采收时的实测值之间不存在显著差异。因此 ,盛花后 30～ 5 0d幼果的日平均生长量可作为采收时果实大小的合理预测指标。The fruit growth evolution on 35 tagged 'Fuji' apple trees was observed in three successive growing seasons from 1994 to 1996 to exploit a new method for forecasting the fruit size in early stage. The results showed that daily fruit growth rate (DFGR) (based on fruit diameter, fruit dry weight, fruit fresh weight, or fruit volume) during the early growing season, 30-50 d after full bloom (DAFB) or during mid-growing season (60-120 DAFB), displayed a strong positive linear correlation with the fruit size at harvesting, and the correlation between the fruit diameter at harvesting and DFGR during early and mid-growing season was much better than that between the fruit size at harvesting and fruit diameter at a given time or the relative growth rate during early or mid-growing season. The fruit sizes obtained in the field were compared with the mean fruit diameters estimated based on different criteria, such as DFGR during early and mid-growing season, and fruit diameter at 120 DAFB. Results showed that daily growth rate of fruit diameter during 30-50 DAFB was the best criterion for forecasting fruit size at harvesting time. There was no significant difference in mean fruit size between the value measured in the field at harvesting and that estimated based on the daily growth rate of fruit diameter during 30-50 DAFB (equations for forecasting: y= 153.571 x + 73.492) either for the single tree or for the trees in different vigors. Daily growth rate of fruit diameter during 30-50 DAFB can be used as the basis for forecasting fruits diameter at harvesting time.

关 键 词：采收 红富士苹果 果实大小 早期预测 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]