不同肥料对覆盖早竹林竹笋产量和品质的影响  

The Effects of Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Bamboo Shoots of Phyllostachys praecox Stands with Mulch Management

作　　者：刘振勇 潘雁红[2] 钟哲科[2] 李雯[2] 卞方圆[2] 俞群芬 吴良如[2] 

机构地区：[1]德清县林业局,浙江德清313200 [2]国家林业局竹子研究开发中心/浙江省竹子高效加工重点实验室,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《竹子研究汇刊》2015年第4期17-22,共6页Journal of Bamboo Research

基　　金：浙江省"十二五"农业重大成果转化工程(2012T201-03;2012T201-05)

摘　　要：开展传统肥料和生物炭肥料对覆盖早竹林竹笋产量和质量影响的研究,为覆盖竹林合理施肥提供科学基础。结果表明,覆盖过程中施用复合肥和生物炭肥的竹笋产量显著高于对照(没施肥)(P<0.05),尤其是前期的竹笋产量。各处理间竹笋的全N含量没有显著性差异,但对照的全K含量要显著高于两种肥料处理。两种肥料的农学利用率表现出较大的差异,生物炭肥料N、P和K的农学利用率的农学利用率分别是复合肥的2.1倍、4.9倍和3.7倍。竹笋中检出的氨基酸达17种,其中包括缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸等7种人体必需氨基酸。施用复合肥后竹笋中氨基酸总量与对照接近,而施用生物炭肥料后竹笋的氨基酸总量提高了20.2%。但竹笋中人体必需氨基酸总量及人体必需的氨基酸总量与总氨基酸含量的比例显著下降。与对照相比,施肥后竹笋的脯氨酸含量提高近10倍,这可能同大量施肥造成的土壤环境胁迫有关。研究得到,生物炭肥在减少肥料使用量、提高肥料利用率方面存在着较大的优势,可减少大量施肥带来的生态和环境风险。In order to provide scientific basis for rational fertilization in the Phyllostachys praecox stands with mulch management,a study on the effects of the compound fertilizer and biochar fertilizer on the yield and quality of Phyllostachys praecox bamboo shoots was conducted. The results showed that the yield of bamboo shoots was significantly higher under both fertilizer treatments（ compound fertilizer and biochar fertilizer） than that of the control（ without fertilization）（ P〈0. 05）,especially in the early harvesting stage. There was no significant difference in total N content of the bamboo shoots among different treatments,but the total K content of the bamboo shoots under control was significantly higher than that of those under fertilization treatments. The agronomic efficiencies of the applied N,P and K under biochar fertilizer treatment were 2. 1,4. 9 and 3. 7 times more than that under compound fertilizer treatment. There detected up to 17 kinds of amino acids,including 7 essential amino acids such as valine,methionine,isoleucine in the bamboo shoots. The total amount of amino acids of bamboo shoots under compound fertilizer treatment was close to that of those under control. The total amino acid content increased by 20. 2% under biochar fertilizer treatment.However,the total amount of essential amino acid and the percentage of essential amino acids decreased significantly. Compared with the control,the proline content of bamboo shoots increased nearly 10 times,which may be associated with a soil environmental stress caused by the heavy fertilization. These results showed that there were many advantages of application of biochar fertilizer in reducing fertilizer application rate,increasing the fertilizer utilization rate and reducing the ecological and environmental risks from heavy fertilization.

关 键 词：早竹笋 覆盖 生物炭肥 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S644.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]