云南高原湖泊湿地蚊类多样性空间分布特征及与重要环境因素关系  

THE MOSQUITOES DIVERSITY SPACE DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND RELATIONSHIP WITH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OF LAKE WETLAND IN YUNNAN PLATEAU

作　　者：臧颖惠 龚正达[1,2] 连宏宇 边长玲 琚俊科 李栋 岳仁萍 张丽云[2] 周红宁[3] 

机构地区：[1]大理大学公共卫生学院,云南大理671000 [2]云南省地方病防治所,云南大理671000 [3]云南省寄生虫病防治所,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《寄生虫与医学昆虫学报》2015年第4期217-232,共16页Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目（30860250,30660160）

摘　　要：为了解我国云南高原湖泊湿地蚊类的物种多样性、物种多度的空间分布格局、特征和重要环境因素关系,本文以云南省为调查和研究的空间范围及尺度,蚊科（Culicidae）作为研究对象,应用紫外灯诱捕法对分布于该省的21个主要高原湖泊湿地夜间活动的成蚊进行通宵调查取样和统计分析.结果共捕获蚊类506 974只,隶属于2亚科6属34种.统计显示：（1）γ-多样性（物种丰富度）随纬度的升高呈双峰分布格局,两高峰的具体位置处于Ⅱ带（24＆#176;N）和Ⅳ带（26＆#176;N）,但随海拔的升高物种丰富度呈现先增高然后缓慢降低又下降的宽峰型分布格局,峰值出现在B-D带（1 500～2 500 m）;（2）α-多样性（Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数）随纬度和海拔梯度的升高均呈现为逐步升高的趋势,其分布趋势与蚊类密度呈显著负相关;（3）聚类分析将不同纬度、海拔梯度带分布的蚊类均被分划成为3大类,即东洋区系、东洋与古北区系的过渡带或交汇区、古北区系;（4）物种多样性与地理环境因素和蚊种之间关系的分析显示：a.物种丰富度与海拔、降水量和气温之间的关系均不显著;b.物种多样性指数和均匀度指数与海拔高度和呈显著正相关,与气温呈显著负相关,与降水量无相关,但与三带喙库蚊多度和物种优势度均呈显著负相关;c.物种优势度指数与海拔呈负相关,与气温和降水量关系不显著,但与三带喙库蚊多度Cx.tritaeniorhynchus呈显著正相关.结果说明云南高原湖泊湿地蚊类物种多样性地理分布的变化趋势,受到地理环境、气候条件和人为干扰因素的影响.优势种三带喙库蚊多度与物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和海拔高度呈显著负相关,而与优势度指数、气温呈显著正相关;降水量与蚊类物种丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数均无相关.研究证实：三带喙库蚊不仅分布广To investigate the spatial patterns of mosquitoes biodiversity and species abundance in lake wetlands and its related ecological factors, mosquitoes specimens were surveyed in the rainy seasons in Yunnan plateau, which was known to be the peak seasons in 2007 - 2009 years. Total 21 major lakes and wetland plateau in Yunnan Province were investigated with ultraviolet light traps. After identifications followed the taxonomic keys, 506 974 mosquitoes were harvested, belonging to 34 species of 6 Genera in 2 Families. Results showed that： （ 1 ） The γ diversity （ species richness） shows bimodal pattern along with the increase of latitude, the concrete position of the two peaks appeared in the Ⅱ （24°N） and Ⅳ （26° N） zones. With the increase of altitude, species richness appeared to be a broad peak pattern in B-D zone （ 1 500 - 2 500 m）. （2） The a diversity increased gradually with the increasing of latitude and ahitude, significantly inverse correlated with the density data. （3） Three main regional clusters corresponding to different latitudes and altitudes were shown related to Oriental fauna, the transitional or interseetional between Oriental - Palaearetic fauna and Palaearctic fauna respectively. （4） In the 21 Plateau wetlands, the species diversity index, evenness index significantly positive correlated with its altitude. And the species diversity index negatively correlated to the species dominance and the abundance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus. While the species dominance index positively correlated to the abundance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus. In a conclusion, the spatial pattern of mosquito species abundance dominated the mosquito dominance and species diversity and geographic distributions in the Yunnan plateau lake wetlands, which were regulated by the latitude and altitude of its breeding sites.

关 键 词：蚊类多样性 大尺度 空间分布特征 环境因素 高原湖泊湿地 云南 

分 类 号：Q969.442.1[生物学—昆虫学]