安徽省油菜磷肥施用效果及土壤有效磷丰缺指标研究  

Study on the effect of phosphate fertilizer and abundance and deficiency indices of soil available phosphorus on rapeseed in Anhui province

作　　者：韩上 武际[1] 郭熙盛[1] 钱晓华[2] 夏伟光[3] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,安徽养分循环与资源环境省级实验室,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省土壤肥料总站,安徽合肥230001 [3]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2016年第2期90-94,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503122、201203013);安徽省农业科学院学科建设项目(15A1011、15A1021)

摘　　要：为了解油菜磷肥施用效果及土壤有效磷丰缺指标,选择安徽省典型油菜产区,开展多年多点田间小区试验,设置不施磷和施磷2个处理,研究施用磷肥对安徽省冬油菜产量、增产效果和经济效益的影响,并通过建立油菜籽粒相对产量和土壤有效磷含量的关系,确定土壤有效磷丰缺指标。结果表明,油菜施用磷肥增产增收效果明显。油菜施磷后的产量平均为2 571 kg/hm^2,增产量和增产率分别为672 kg/hm^2和41.5%。施磷每公顷增收2 012元,89.6%的试验点产投比>2.0,施磷收益显著。以相对产量<60%,60%~75%,75%~90%,90%~95%和>95%为标准,将土壤有效磷分成"严重缺乏"、"缺乏"、"轻度缺乏"、"适宜"和"丰富"5级,对应的丰缺指标为<6.5、6.5~13.0、13.0~26.5、26.5~34.0和>34.0 mg/kg。该研究结果为水稻田冬油菜的磷肥管理提供依据。To provide the related data for the effect of phosphate fertilizer and abundance and deficiency indices of soil available phosphorus,77 field trials of phosphate fertilizer（ P） application on rapeseed were conducted in rapeseed production regions of Anhui province during 2005 to 2009. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of P application on rapeseed yield and profit,and determine the abundance and deficiency indices of soil available phosphorus based on the relationship between rapeseed relative yield and soil available phosphorus. The results showed that P application significantly increased rapeseed yield and profit compared with CK treatment. The average values of yield,increment and increase rate of the treatments with P application were 2 571 kg/hm^2,672 kg/hm^2 and 41. 5% respectively. The average net profit was 2 012 yuan/hm^2 with P application 89. 6% of the ratio of value to cost（ RVC） of all trails were higher than 2. 0,with an average of 5. 7. Compared to the P application treatment,the relative yields of 60%,75%,90% and 95% obtained from the CK treatment were selected to establish the abundance and deficiency indices of soil available phosphorus. The soil available phosphorus for extreme deficiency,deficiency,slight deficiency,optimum and abundance indices were〈 6. 5,6. 5 ~ 13. 0,13. 0 ~ 26. 5,26. 5 ~34. 0 and 〉34. 0 mg/kg,respectively. The results can be used as guidance for phosphorus fertilization on winter rapeseed in paddy field.

关 键 词：安徽 油菜 磷肥效应 土壤有效磷 丰缺指标 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]