院前急救护士共情疲劳与职业应激、职业倦怠关系研究  

Relations of compassion fatigue to occupational stress and job burnout in ambulance nurses

作　　者：魏华[1] 黄敬堂[1] 申培红[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南护理职业学院,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2016年第2期155-160,共6页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：河南省卫生计生委2014年度卫生政策研究计划项目(YWZY201423)

摘　　要：目的探讨院前急救护士共情疲劳与职业应激、职业倦怠的关系。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,以河南省5个地级市的380名院前急救护士为研究对象,以261名同医院的院内急诊护士为对照人群。采用中文版《护士专业生活品质量表》、《护士工作应激源量表》（NSS）、《职业倦怠量表》（MBI）对研究对象进行测评,其中NSS包括与护士期望值有关的应激源（因素1）、与家庭有关的应激源（因素2）、与人际关系有关的应激源（因素3）、与工作性质有关的应激源（因素4）、与患者有关的应激源（因素5）、与工作负荷有关的应激源（因素6）。结果院前急救护士共情疲劳得分高于院内急诊护士（P〈0.01）。院前急救护士中,工龄〈3.0年者共情疲劳得分分别高于工龄为3.0～年和〉10.0年者（P〈0.05）;职称为护士者共情疲劳得分分别高于职称为护师和主管护师及以上者（P〈0.05）。相关分析显示,院前急救护士共情疲劳得分与NSS的因素2、因素3、因素4、因素5、因素6和MBI得分均呈正相关[相关系数（r）分别为0.15、0.28、0.25、0.34、0.32、0.36,均P〈0.05],MBI得分与NSS的6个因素得分均呈正相关（r分别为0.31、0.25、0.36、0.32、0.37、0.31,均P〈0.05）。多重线性回归分析结果显示,MBI得分、NSS因素5得分、MBI与NSS因素5的得分交互作用与共情疲劳得分回归关系均成立（标准化偏回归系数分别为0.39、0.24、0.35,均P〈0.05）。路径分析结果显示,MBI得分在NSS得分与共情疲劳得分之间呈不完全中介效应。结论院前急救护士共情疲劳较严重;工龄短或职称低人员存在更高的共情疲劳易感性,且受职业应激与职业倦怠协同影响。Objective To explore the relationship of compassion fatigue and occupational stress and job burnout in ambulance nurses. Methods By stratified cluster random sampling method,a total of 380 ambulance nurses from 5 cities in Henan Province were selected as objects,and 261 emergency nurses from the same hospital were selected as control. A assessment survey was performed using the Chinese version of Professional Quality of Life,the Maslach Burnout Inventory（ MBI）,and the Chinese Nursing Stressor Scale（ NSS） which included the stressor related to working expectation（ factor1）,the stressor related to family（ factor 2）,the stressor related to interpersonal relationships（ factor 3）,the stressor related to job specification（ factor 4）,related to patients（ factor 5）,and to the working load（ factor 6）. Results The ambulance nurses had higher compassion fatigue scores than the emergency nurses（ P〈0. 01）. One-way analysis of variance showed that the ambulance nurses with length of service less than 3. 0 years had higher compassion fatigue scores than those with 3. 0 or more years and those with over 10. 0 years of service length（ P〈0. 05）. The compassion fatigue scores of general nurses were higher than those professional titled as senior nurses and nurse supervisors or above（ P〈0. 05）. The correlation analysis showed that the compassion fatigue scores of ambulance nurse were positively correlated with the factor 2,3,4,5 and 6 of NSS scores and MBI scores [the correlation coefficients（ r） were 0. 15,0. 28,0. 25,0. 34,0. 32 and 0. 36,P〈0. 05]. The MBI scores were positively correlated with all the 6 factors of NSS（ r were 0. 31,0. 25,0. 36,0. 32,0. 37 and 0. 31,respectively,P〈0. 05）. The multiple linear regression analysis results showed that the regression correlations among MBI score,NSS factor 5 score,interaction effect of MBI and NSS factor 5 and the compassion fatigue score were confirmed（ the standardized partial regression coefficient were 0. 39,0. 24 and

关 键 词：共情疲劳 职业应激 职业倦怠 院前急救护士 因素分析 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]