某市影响接触噪声工人佩戴耳塞因素的调查  

Influencing factors for the use of earplugs in workers exposed to noise in a city

作　　者：朱茜如 邵玉仙[2] 曹承建[2] 吴宪[1] 谢文倩[1] 许鸣[1] 杨磊[1] 许亮文[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学医学院,310000 [2]杭州市职业病防治院

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2016年第4期271-274,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：杭州市卫生科技计划一般项目（2014A70）

摘　　要：目的 了解某市已发放耳塞的接触噪声（简称接噪）工人听力损失现状及其耳塞佩戴情况,探讨影响其佩戴耳塞的主要因素.方法 采取随机整群抽样的方法,于2014年6至12月对某市15家噪声作业企业已发放耳塞的接噪工人进行问卷调查.结果 已发放耳塞的接噪工人双耳高频异常率为57.8％,会持续佩戴耳塞的工人仅占55.4％;二元logistic回归分析结果显示,自觉听力状况（OR=1.704）、耳塞舒适度（OR=1.892）、企业对耳塞佩戴的检查（OR=1.461）、工人对耳塞作用和用法的认知（OR=1.581）、工人对耳塞必要性的认知（OR=4.482）、工人主动查找相关资料（OR=4.029）、同事佩戴情况（OR=5.071）、家人或朋友提醒情况（OR=2.678）均是影响工人耳塞佩戴的保护因素（均P＜0.05）.结论 某市接噪工人听力异常率较高,工人佩戴耳塞与自觉听力状况、耳塞舒适度、工人听力防护认知、企业听力防护管理、环境支持等因素相关.Objective To investigate the current status of hearing loss and the use of earplugs in workers exposed to noise who have been provided earplugs in a city,as well as major influencing factors for the use of earplugs.Methods Cluster random sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey in workers exposed to noise who had been provided earplugs in 15 enterprises with noise exposure in a city from June to December,2014.Results In the workers exposed to noise who had been provided earplugs,the rate of high-frequency anomaly in both ears was 57.8%,and the workers who kept wearing earplugs only accounted for 55.4%.The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the protective factors for the use of earplugs included workers＇ own feeling of hearing condition （OR =1.704）,comfort of earplugs （OR =1.892）,enterprise＇s inspection of the use of earplugs （OR=1.461）,workers＇ knowledge of the function and usage of earplugs （OR=1.581）,workers＇ understanding of the necessity of earplugs （OR =4.482）,workers＇ initiative to search for related data （OR =4.029）,the use of earplugs by colleagues （OR =5.071）,and reminders from family members or friends （OR =2.678） （all P〈0.05）.Conclusion The workers exposed to noise in this city have a high rate of abnormal hearing,and only half of the workers keep wearing earplugs during work.The use of earplugs is related to the factors including workers＇ own feeling of hearing condition,comfort of earplugs,workers＇ knowledge of protection,the enterprise＇s management of hearing protection,and environmental support.

关 键 词：噪声 职业暴露 耳塞 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]