2种海藻对氮磷移除效果及其生长特征研究  

Effects of N and P removal by two sea algae and growth characteristics

作　　者：刘沙沙[1,2] 张晓雁[3] 罗玉虎[4] 贾沁贤[4] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [3]北京海洋馆,北京100081 [4]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所国土资源部盐湖资源与环境重点实验室,北京100037

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第2期202-209,共8页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40573056);973计划基金资助项目(2011CB403003)

摘　　要：以三亚地区海水养殖场水体中的氮磷质量浓度ρ幅度为依据,分别构建秋季最高(26℃)与最低温度(22℃)下的氮磷质量浓度ρ梯度,以羽毛藻和齿形藻为研究对象,测定了2种海藻生长过程中降解和吸收人工海水中氮磷营养盐的能力;同时依据不同营养盐水平下2种藻类的光合作用强度对其生长特征进行了分析.结果表明:1)羽毛藻和齿形藻对三亚海水养殖场的氮、磷有很好的去除效果;磷的去除率随介质ρ(磷)的提高而提高,最高可达35%~40%;氮的最高去除率为26%~32%,随介质中ρ(氮)的增加呈下降趋势.2)ρ(氮)、ρ(磷)波动范围内基本不会对2种藻类生长产生明显的不利影响,但温度22℃、ρ(氮)>150mg·L^(-1)的条件对齿形藻的光合作用和代谢作用可产生严重的不利影响.氮、磷营养盐质量浓度对这2种大型海藻在营养盐吸收和光合作用等方面有一定的生理影响,因此将这2种大型经济海藻大规模养殖进行原位生态修复富营养化海水时,应注意环境因子对其的影响.该研究可为这2种海藻的大规模养殖修复富营养化海水提供一定的理论支持.Eutrophication occurred in offshore waters is a serious problem faced by ocean ecosystem due to large-scale aquaculture.Sea algae have favorable characteristics of effective absorption and stable growth,making them good choice for ecological restoration.Feather algae（Caulerpa serrulata）and tooth shape algae（Caulerpa sertularioides）are ideal materials for biological filters to keep sea water quality since they can be easily cultured.Aquaculture water with great carbon,nitrogen（N）and phosphorus（P）always discharge during autumn.Therefore,an artificial experiment simulating autumn temperature and nutrient concentrations was conducted to assess N and P removal ability of the two algae species.Maximum（26℃）and minimum（22℃）temperatures and corresponding concentration range of N and P in Sanya marine farms were used to create two artificial medium to culture feather algae and tooth shape algae.First,removal ability of N and P by the two algae species at 22℃ and 26℃in artificial seawater was measured.Primary productivity reflecting their growth characteristics under different nutritional levels was then studied.It was found that under either minimum or maximum temperature in autumn,the two algae species showed marked N and P removal effects in marine farms.Removal ability of P increased with increasing P concentration in the culture medium,maximum removal rate was up to 35%-40%.But removal ability of N decreased with increasing N concentration,maximum value was 26%-32%.N and P concentrations in marine farms in autumn did not have any marked adverse effect on algae growth under most conditions,except with temperature at 22℃ and N concentration above 150 mg·L^-1.The study can provide theoretical supports for ecological restoration of sea algae in aquaculture waters.

关 键 词：氮磷 去除能力 生长特征 羽毛藻 齿形藻 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]