加气灌溉对番茄根区土壤环境和产量的影响  

Effects of aerated irrigation on root-zone environment and yield of tomato

作　　者：朱艳[1,2] 蔡焕杰[1,2] 侯会静[1] 宋利兵[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第5期157-162,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50779059);国家自然科学基金重点项目(50939005);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20110204130004)

摘　　要：【目的】探明加气灌溉对番茄根区土壤环境及番茄生物量、果实产量和水分利用效率的影响,为加气灌溉的推广提供依据。【方法】以番茄品种"金鹏10号"为供试材料,通过温室小区试验,设计了加气和不加气(对照)地下滴灌2种处理方式,每个处理3次重复,加气灌溉采用Mazzei287型文丘里加气设备,定期测定并比较2种灌溉方式下的土壤含水量、氧气含量、呼吸速率、温度及番茄生物量、产量和水分利用效率。【结果】与对照相比,加气灌溉使得10cm土层内土壤体积含水量降低了1.61%,根区土壤氧气含量增加了0.89%,土壤呼吸速率增加了26.76%,但土壤温度没有明显变化;加气灌溉下番茄的果实干鲜质量、叶干质量、茎干鲜质量和地上部干鲜质量均显著增大,但根干鲜质量和叶鲜质量无显著变化;同时,加气灌溉下灌溉水分利用效率增加了23.12%,单株产量提高了23.12%,单果质量增大了29.84%。【结论】加气地下滴灌在改善根区土壤环境、提高番茄产量和水分利用效率等方面具有明显优势。【Objective】This study ascertained the effects of aerated irrigation on root-zone environment,yield,and water use efficiency（IWUE）of tomato to improve the application of aeration irrigation.【Method】A Mazzei287 venturi aerated equipment was employed in the experiment with two treatments（aerated irrigation（control）and non-aerated irrigation）and three replications in each treatment.Soil respiration,temperature and oxygen content,biomass,yield and IWUE of tomato were measured and compared regularly.【Result】Aerated irrigation significantly improved root-zone environment compared with the control treatment.It reduced soil water content in upper 10 cm soil layer by 1.61%,increased oxygen content by 0.89%and improved soil respiration rate by 26.76%.There was no significant difference in soil temperature.Fruit fresh and dry biomass,leaves dry biomass,stem fresh,and dry biomass also increased by aerated irrigation,while root fresh and dry biomass and leaves fresh biomass remained unchanged.In addition,IWUE,yield per plant,and single fruit weight were increased by 23.12%,23.12%,and 29.84%,respectively.【Conclusion】Aerated irrigation had the advantages of improving root-zone environment and increas-ing tomato yield and WUE.

关 键 词：加气灌溉 土壤呼吸 土壤氧气含量 番茄 

分 类 号：S641.201[农业科学—蔬菜学]