日光温室内负水头灌溉条件下茄子生长及生理特性的研究  

Growth and physiological characteristics of eggplant under negative hydraulic head irrigation in greenhouse

作　　者：李霞[1] 解迎革[1] 王国栋[1] 薛绪掌[2] 张敏[1] 陈菲[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学理学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第5期163-169,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费专项资金项目(Z109021202)

摘　　要：【目的】研究日光温室内负水头灌溉对茄子生长及生理特性的影响,为温室水分管理提供理论和实践依据。【方法】设定灌溉系统的负压值为70hPa,每周常规灌溉的灌水量为负压自动灌溉系统下植株耗水量的1.5倍,在日光温室内进行负水头灌溉与常规灌溉下的茄子栽培试验,分析2种灌溉条件下植株的生长动态、一周内2种灌溉下土壤含水量的变化以及生育期内茄子生理特性的差异。【结果】70hPa负压灌溉下温室土壤含水量基本控制在14.48%左右。负水头灌溉下茄子的株高、茎粗、叶片数和展开度的增长速度均高于常规灌溉,其中株高和叶片数与常规灌溉相比差异显著。2种灌溉方式下茄子叶片的光合、蒸腾作用及气孔导度的日变化趋势相同,均呈双峰曲线;负水头灌溉下茄子的光合速率、蒸腾速率及气孔导度均显著高于常规灌溉。负水头灌溉下茄子产量为常规灌溉的1.44倍,负水头灌溉和常规灌溉下的作物水分生产率分别为17.86,8.27kg/m3,两者差异极显著,负水头灌溉的水分生产率为常规灌溉的2.16倍。【结论】负水头灌溉在持续供水的同时又能精确控制土壤含水量,有效减少土壤渗漏和地表蒸发,具有良好的节水效果且更有利于作物的生长,茄子的产量和水分生产率都得到了显著提高。【Objective】Effects of negative hydraulic head irrigation on growth and physiological characteristics of eggplant in greenhouse were studied to provide theoretical and practical basis for greenhouse irrigation management.【Method】The negative pressure value of 70 hPa was set for irrigation system and weekly irrigation amount under normal irrigation was 1.5times of water consumption under negative pressure irrigation.Through the cultivation experiment of eggplant under negative pressure irrigation and normal irrigation in greenhouse,the plant growth dynamics,the change in soil water content within a week and the physiological differences of eggplant under the two irrigation systems were analyzed.【Result】The soil water content under negative pressure irrigation was controlled at about 14.48%.Plant height,stem diameter,leaf number and plant spread angle under negative pressure irrigation were higher than those undernormal irrigation.Compared with normal irrigation,the differences of plant height and leaf number were significant.There were all bimodal curves for the daily changes of eggplant leaf photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance under the two irrigation modes.Three parameters under negative pressure irrigation were higher than those under normal irrigation with significant difference.Eggplant yield under negative pressure irrigation was 1.44 times of that under normal irrigation.Crop water productivity of negative pressure irrigation and normal irrigation were 17.86 and 8.27kg/m3 with very significant differences.Crop water productivity under negative pressure irrigation was 2.16 times of that under normal irrigation.【Conclusion】Negative pressure irrigation system can supply water steadily,control soil water content precisely,and reduce soil leakage and soil surface evaporation effectively.It had good water saving effect and improved eggplant yield and water use efficiency.

关 键 词：负水头灌溉 常规灌溉 茄子 生长发育 光合作用 作物水分生产率 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] S641.101[农业科学—农业工程]