被动式圆盘刀试验装置设计与试验研究  

Design and experiment of testing device for passive disc

作　　者：程阳[1] 闫小丽[1] 朱瑞祥[1] 李成鑫[1] 刘源[1] 刘正道[1] 卢琦[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第5期228-234,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目子课题"关中平原农田循环生产综合技术集成研究与示范"(2012BAD14B11-2)

摘　　要：【目的】针对目前开沟破茬圆盘工作部件机具设计缺少精确设计参数等问题,设计了一种角度可调的圆盘刀试验装置。【方法】以缺口圆盘为研究对象,选取等直径但缺口数为8,9,10的3种圆盘,前进速度取3,4和5km/h,偏角取5°,7.5°,10°,倾角取2°,4°,6°,利用4因素3水平正交试验,以破茬率和工作阻力为评价指标进行试验研究。【结果】圆盘刀试验装置符合设计要求,倾角调节范围设定为-10°~10°,精度为1°,偏角的调节范围为-20°~20°,精度为2.5°;影响破茬率和工作阻力的主次因素依次为圆盘刀类型、前进速度、偏角、倾角;最优组合是8缺口圆盘、前进速度4km/h、偏角5°、倾角4°,平均破茬率为76.5%,牵引阻力为3 714.8N。【结论】被动式圆盘刀的破茬率较主动式低,其原因在于缺口处破茬效果较差,但其结构简单且工作阻力较小,在地表无残茬或覆盖量不大的条件下仍具有应用价值。【Objective】Aiming at the long testing time of cutting and ditching disc opener,low parameter adjustment accuracy and low working efficiency,a testing device with adjustable angle for passive disc was designed.【Method】Choosing different notch numbers of disc（8notches,9notches,10notches）,forward speeds（3,4,5km/h）,sweep angles（5°,7.5°,10°）and tilt angles（2°,4°,6°）as influencing factors and using notched discs as research objects,stubble-cutting rate and traction resistance were studied based4 by 3orthogonal experiment.【Result】The testing device met design requirements,the sweep angle was in the range of-20°-20°with precision of 2.5°,and the tilt angle was in the range of-10°-10°with precision of 1°.The factors affecting cutting rate and traction resistance were type,velocity,sweep angle,and tilt angle in order.The optimal combination of notched disks was notch number 8,speed 4km/h,sweep angle5°,and tilt angle 4°,under which the average of passive notched disk stubble-cutting rate was 76.5% and the traction resistance was 3 714.8N.【Conclusion】Compared with the active disk,the notched disk stubble-cutting rate was lower since the disc notches stubble-cutting performance was lower.But its simple structure and small working resistance make it applicable for not covered or less covered land.

关 键 词：农业机械 被动式圆盘刀 试验装置 破茬性能 

分 类 号：S222.52[农业科学—农业机械化工程]