吉林蛟河针阔混交林12个树种生物量分配规律  

Biomass allocation of twelve tree species in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jiaohe,Jilin Province,northeast China

作　　者：何怀江[1] 叶尔江.拜克吐尔汉 张春雨[1] 左强[1] 邳田辉 高海涛[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学森林资源与生态系统过程北京市重点实验室 [2]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院 [3]吉林省蛟河林业实验区管理局

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2016年第4期53-62,共10页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC01B03);北京市共建项目专项"天然林生物多样性保护技术与杨树抗逆机理研究2012

摘　　要：研究生物量分配是了解植物结构与功能的有效手段,对陆地森林生态系统碳循环研究起着重要作用。本文以吉林省蛟河林业实验区管理局天然次生混交林内12个优势树种为研究对象,探讨了各树种生物量器官（叶、枝、干、根）分配特征及其与个体大小的关系。结果表明：1）12个树种各器官的相对生长遵循异速生长理论,相对生长关系并不一致。枝与干（1.091~1.254）、枝与根（1.012~1.158）、根与干（1.015~1.202）以及地下与地上部分（0.991~1.070）近于等速生长,叶与枝（0.655~0.757）、叶与干（0.777~0.931）和叶与根（0.718~0.859）呈现为异速生长。2）12个树种各器官生物量分配遵循异速生长分配理论,叶、枝、干和根生物量分配比例的范围依次为1.80%~6.54%、13.87%~27.09%、51.12%~65.03%和15.76%~25.52%,各器官生物量分配比例的均值大小表现为：干（57.09%）〉根（21.46%）〉枝（18.59%）〉叶（2.86%）。根茎比（R/S）范围为0.189~0.355,均值为0.279。3）各器官生物量分配比例以及R/S均与树种有关,不同树种各器官生物量分配比例以及树种间R/S存在显著差异（P0.05）,其他各器官分配比例均与个体大小呈显著相关关系（P〈0.05）。具体表现为随个体增大,叶和干生物量分配比例显著降低、枝生物量分配比例显著增加（P〈0.05）的趋势。研究表明：植物各器官在其生长过程中并非都是等速生长,异速生长广泛存在于各器官的生长过程中,同时各器官的生物量分配遵循异速生长分配理论。为了获得更多的空间和营养,植物在生长过程中遵循最优化分配理论,将更多的资源分配给有利于提高自身竞争力的器官,以达到具有更强竞争力和生产力的目的。Biomass allocation is the most useful tool for studying plant structure and function,and plays an important role in forest ecosystem carbon cycling. In this study,we selected twelve dominant species,e. g.,Betula platyphylla,Acer mandshuricum,Ulmus japonica,Pinus koraiensis,Juglans mandshurica,Maackia kiaamurensis,Quercus mongolica,Carpinus cordata,Populus ussuriensis,Acer mono,Fraxinus mandshurica and Tilia amurensis in a natural secondary mixed forest in the Administration Bureau for Jiaohe Forestry Experimental Area,Jilin Province,northeast China. Biomass partitioning of different components including leaf, branch, stem and root was investigated. Meanwhile, the allometric relationships of biomass components and tree size were developed. The main results showed that： 1） the relative growth of biomass components of all species followed the allometric theory,and the allometric power exponents of components were plastic. The MB∝MS,MB∝MR,MS∝MRand MR∝MAGwere isometric,the 95% confidence interval of allometric power exponents（ α） were 1. 091-1. 254,1. 012-1. 158,1. 015-1. 202 and 0. 991-1. 070,respectively,and the mean value of α were all approximate to the theoretical value（ α = 1）. However,the ML∝MB,ML∝MSand ML∝MRwere allometric,the95% confidence interval of α were 0. 655-0. 757,0. 777-0. 931 and 0. 718-0. 859 and the mean values of α were 0. 706,0. 854 and 0. 789,respectively. 2） All biomass components allocation of twelve species followed the allometric allocation theory,the biomass allocation proportion of leaf,branch,stem and root were 1. 80%-6. 54%,13. 87%-27. 09,51. 12%-65. 03% and 15. 76%-25. 52%,respectively. And the mean value of proportion of different biomass components showed an order of stem（ 57. 09%） root（ 21. 46%） branch（ 18. 59%） leaf（ 2. 86%）. The root/shoot ratio for all species ranged from 0. 189-0. 355 with the average value of 0. 279. 3） The proportion of biomass allocation of all components and root / shoot ratio were affected by tree specie

关 键 词：生物量分配 异速生长理论 最优化分配理论 根茎比(R/S) 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]