施磷量对高产夏玉米产量和磷素利用的影响  

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization on Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiency of High-Yielding Summer Maize

作　　者：刘凯[1] 张吉旺[1] 郭艳青[1] 裴书君 董树亭[1] 刘鹏[1] 杨今胜 赵斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东登海种业股份有限公司,山东莱州261448

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2016年第4期61-65,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271662);山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-01-022-05);山东省玉米育种与栽培技术企业重点实验室开放课题

摘　　要：随着产量和种植密度的提高,夏玉米的磷素吸收、利用及分配特性必然发生变化。本研究旨在明确高产夏玉米的磷素吸收利用特性及其施磷量调控效应,为黄淮海高产夏玉米高效生产提供理论依据。选用夏玉米品种郑单958（ZD958）和登海618（DH618）为试材,设置施磷（P2O5）量0、45、90、135 kg/hm24个水平。结果表明,随施磷量增加,夏玉米产量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,磷肥偏生产力、磷肥农学利用效率和磷肥吸收效率呈现下降趋势,磷素收获指数没有显著变化。90 kg/hm2施磷量处理夏玉米产量较不施磷处理增产7.95%-18.31%;ZD958每生产100 kg籽粒需P2O51.54 kg,DH618需P2O51.45 kg。因此,本试验条件下,施磷量为90 kg/hm2时,高产夏玉米可获得较高产量和磷素利用效率。With the improvement of yield and planting density,the phosphorus（ P） absorption,utilization and allocation of summer maize（ Zea mays L.） has been changed a lot. This study is to explore the P absorption and utilization characteristics and the regulation effects of phosphorus application rates,which is expected to provide theoretical references for high- yielding and efficient production of summer maize in the Huang-Huai- Hai Plain. Two hybrids,Zhengdan 958（ ZD958） and Denghai 618（ DH618）,were used as experimental materials,and four phosphorus（ P2O5） application rates,0,45,90 and 135 kg/hm2,were designed for this experiment. The results showed that with the increase of P application rate,the grain yield increased firstly and then decreased gradually,and the partial fertilizer productivity,agronomy efficiency and absorption efficiency of phosphorus presented down trend. However,the harvest indexes of different treatments were not significantly different. The grain yield under the application rate of 90 kg P2O5 per hectare increased by 7. 95% ~ 18. 31% compared to no P fertilization. To produce 100 kilogram grains,1. 54 kg of P2O5 was needed for ZD958,while 1. 45 kg of P2O5 was needed for DH618. In conclusion,under the experiment conditions,the optimum phosphorus application rate was 90 kg P2O5 per hectare for higher grain yield and P use efficency.

关 键 词：夏玉米 产量 施磷量 磷肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]