向日葵枯萎病菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性  

Identification of sunflower wilt pathogen and its biological characteristics

作　　者：高婧[1] 张园园[1] 王凯[1] 张键[1] 张贵[1] 赵君[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2016年第2期214-222,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家向日葵产业技术体系专项(CARS-16);内蒙古农业大学科技创新培育团队专项基金(NDPYTD2013-2)

摘　　要：为明确向日葵枯萎病的病原菌种类,调查来自不同地区2014-2015年田间向日葵枯萎病株（50份）,经过柯赫氏法则鉴定,将分离获得的31株分离物鉴定为镰刀属下的7个不同的种,即尖孢镰刀菌（F.oxysporum）、轮枝镰刀菌（F.verticilloides）、砖红镰刀菌（F.lateritium）、锐顶镰刀菌（F.acuminatum）、芬芳镰刀菌（F.redolens）、木贼镰刀菌（F.equiseti）和层出镰刀菌（F.proliferum）。以每个种随机选取的菌株为研究对象,对其生物学特性进行了比较研究。结果表明：轮枝镰刀菌BC012的生长速度最快,而砖红镰刀菌BC03生长速度最慢;产孢量以轮枝镰刀菌BC012最多,而木贼镰刀菌NMG1的产孢量最少。在不同的培养温度下,除锐顶镰刀菌TBB212可在5℃低温下生长外,其余菌株的最适生长温度均为25℃~30℃。所有供试的菌株在p H 4~11的培养条件下均可生长。不同种的镰刀菌株产毒能力的比较结果表明,尖孢镰刀菌BC102的产毒能力最强,粗毒素含量为0.651 mg/m L;砖红镰刀菌BC03的产毒能力最弱,粗毒素含量仅为0.075 6mg/m L。不同种的镰刀菌的致病力测定结果表明,接种21d后,轮枝镰刀BC012、芬芳镰刀菌WLJ1和锐顶镰刀菌TBB212的病情指数分别为65.0、55.0、55.0,症状表现为侵染快、发病早、病叶边缘变黄变褐且叶面上出现斑驳状病斑;木贼镰刀菌NMG1、层出镰刀菌T5、尖孢镰刀菌BC102和砖红镰刀菌BC03病情指数在30.0至40.0;症状表现为发病较晚,病叶少且症状轻。而对照菌株向日葵黄萎病菌株大丽轮枝菌的病情指数仅为25.0。To identify the pathogen of sunflower wilt disease in China,samples were collected from major Chinese planting area in 2014- 2015. 50 diseased plants from different sites were collected and identified via Koch＇s postulate. 31 purified isolates were identified as 7 species of Fusarium genus. They were F. oxysporum,F. verticilloides,F. lateritium,F. acuminatum,F. redolens,F. equiseti and F. proliferum. Representative strain was randomly chosen from these 7 different species respectively for identifying their biological characteristics. Results showed that growth speed of F. verticilloides BC012 was the fastest,and F. lateritium BC03 was the slowest. BC012 also had the highest yield of conidia,while F. equiseti NMG1 had the least. The most suitable temperature for all 7 strains were between 25℃ to 30℃,except that F. acuminatum TBB212 could grow under 5℃. The medium p H ranged from 4to 11. The crude toxin yields were 0. 651 mg / m L（ by F. oxysporum BC102） to 0. 075 6 mg / m L（ by F. lateritium BC03）. Pathogenicity test results showed that disease index of BC012,WLJ1（ F. redolens） and TBB212 were65. 0,55. 0 and 55. 0 respectively after 21 d post- inoculation（ 21 dpi） with early leaves chlorisis. For the other 4species,F. equiseti NMG1,F. proliferum T5,F. oxysporum BC102 and F. lateritium BC03,the disease index ranged between 30. 0 and 40. 0 with slower infection and fewer diseased leaves. For control strain of Verticillium dahliae,which caused sunflower yellow wilt,the index was only 25. 0.

关 键 词：向日葵枯萎病 镰刀菌 生物学特性 致病力 

分 类 号：S435.655[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]