生物炭对棕壤NH_3挥发、N_2O排放及氮肥利用效率的影响  

Effects of biochar on NH_3 volatilization,N_2O emission and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in brown soil

作　　者：程效义[1] 刘晓琳[1] 孟军[1] 兰宇[1] 刘遵奇 杨旭[1] 黄玉威[1] 曹婷[1] 陈温福[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学/辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心,沈阳110866

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2016年第4期801-807,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：科技支撑课题"年产3万吨生物质炭基材料技术研究与产业化示范"(2014BAD02B06-02);公益性行业(农业)科技专项"秸秆移动床热解炭化多联产关键技术研究与示范";辽宁省教育厅优秀人才支持计划

摘　　要：通过田间试验,采用封闭式酸吸收法和静态箱法,研究秸秆生物炭对棕壤玉米旱田NH_3挥发和N_2O排放以及氮肥利用效率的影响。试验设不施氮肥(对照CK)、单施氮肥(NB0)、施氮基础增施20 t·hm^(-2)生物炭(NB20)、施氮基础增施40 t·hm^(-2)生物炭(NB40)4个处理。结果表明,各施肥处理的NH3挥发量差异显著,表现为NB0>NB20>NB40,NB20和NB40分别比NB0降低24.07%和37.62%。NB20和NB40可显著降低N_2O排放量,分别比NB0降低21.76%和19.57%,而NB20和NB40之间差异不显著。NB20和NB40显著增加了土壤的p H、全氮和有机碳含量,降低了土壤的容重。相关分析表明,NH_3挥发量与土壤容重和铵态氮含量均呈极显著正相关,与土壤有机碳含量呈显著负相关;N_2O排放量与土壤容重呈显著正相关,与土壤硝态氮含量和有机碳含量呈显著负相关。与NB0相比,NB20提高了氮肥利用效率,玉米产量显著提高6.07%,而NB40降低了氮肥利用效率,玉米产量显著降低了13.88%。A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar on NH3 volatilization,N2O emission, and N fertilizer use efficiency in brown soil by acid absorption and static chamber method. Four treatments, including no N fertilizer（CK）, N fertilizer（NB0）, N fertilizer with 20 t·hm-2biochar（NB20）and N fertilizer with 40 t·hm-2biochar（NB40）, were designed. Results showed that：Compared with NB0, NH3 volatilization in NB20 and NB40 decreased by 24.07% and 37.62%, respectively, while N2O emission in these two treatments reduced by 21.67% and 19.57%, with no significant difference between them; Soil bulk density was decreased, but soil p H, total nitrogen and organic carbon content were increased in NB20 and NB40; A significant positive correlation existed between NH3 volatilization and soil bulk density or ammonium nitrogen concentration, and between N2 O emission and soil bulk density, whereas a negative correlation between NH3 volatilization and organic carbon content, and between N2 O emission and nitrate-nitrogen concentration or organic carbon content; NB20 increased N fertilizer use efficiency and maize yield by 6.07%, while NB40 decreased the yield by 13.88%, as compared with NB0.

关 键 词：生物炭 NH3挥发 N2O排放 氮肥利用效率 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]