洱海流域水污染排放的人文因素解析  

HUMAN FACTORS ANALYSIS ON WATER POLLUTION EMISSIONS IN ERHAI BASIN

作　　者：杨振[1] 江琪[1] 卢中辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《云南地理环境研究》2016年第1期42-48,共7页Yunnan Geographic Environment Research

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项任务(2013ZX07105-005-04-02)

摘　　要：中国湖泊流域面积较大,大量湖泊水体富营养化情势不容乐观。洱海是中国第七大淡水湖,当前正处于可逆的富营养化初期阶段。采用改进的指数分解法对洱海流域主要人文因素的污染增、减排效应进行考察,结果表明2008年以来流域人口数量变化相对和缓,人均GDP增长较快,三次产业发展迅速;主要水污染物COD、TN、TP大多来自于种植业和畜禽养殖业,氨氮主要来自种植业、畜禽养殖业、城乡生活和旅游业;COD的排放强度最高,TN次之,TP和氨氮最低,各污染物的工业源排放强度下降最快,旅游和生活源排放强度下降最慢;各类污染的增排因素主要为人口和经济水平指标,减排因素主要为产业结构和排放强度指标,其中经济水平提升的增排效应与排放强度降低的减排效应相对突出,应成为流域控污减排方案制定的关注要点。There is large area of lakes basin in China,and the eutrophication of some lakes are not optimistic. Erhai lake is the seventh largest fresh water lake in China,which has been in the early stage of reversible eutrophication currently. The article was based on the improved exponential decomposition method to study the emission increasing effect（ or the emission decreasing effect） of the main human factors in Erhai basin. The findings showed：（ 1） the population fluctuation in basin has been relatively mild since 2008,while per capita GDP increased rapidly,and the three industry developed rapidly;（ 2） COD,TN and TP,the main water pollutants,were mainly caused by farming and animal husbandry,and ammonia- nitrogen came from farming,animal husbandry,rural and urban lives and tourism;（ 3） the emission intensity of COD was the highest,followed by TN,TP and ammonia nitrogen which was the lowest. And the emission intensity of industrial pollution source went down fastest while the emission intensity of tourist and domestic pollution dropped slowest;（ 4） the increase of pollution emission was mainly caused by population and economic indicators,and the factors of pollution decline consist of the emission intensity and industrial structure. Among all those factors,the pollution increasing effect of economic development and the pollution decreasing effect of emission intensity decline were relatively significant,which needs more attention in the plan- making of pollution control and emission reduction of Erhai basin.

关 键 词：水污染物 LMDI模型 人文因素 分解效应 洱海流域 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学] K928.42